Contractions are shortened forms of words or phrases that are created by combining two words and replacing one or more letters with an apostrophe
شکلهای کوتاه شدهای از کلمات یا عبارات هستند که از ترکیب دو کلمه و جایگزینی یک یا چند حرف با یک .آپاستروف ایجاد میشوند
We can use contractions in the following cases:
Modals
Interrogative Words
Auxiliary Verbs
Phrases
افعال مدال (Modals)
کلمات پرسشی
افعال کمکی
عبارات
Auxiliary verbs 'be', 'have', and 'do' can be used in contracted froms. Let us discuss each one individually
میتوانند به شکلهای کوتاهشده استفاده شوند."to be" و "to have", "to do"افعال کمکی
اجازه دهید هر کدام را جداگانه بررسی کنیم
We can shorten the 'to be' verb both with the subject pronoun and the noun that acts as its subject. Below is a table of the contracted forms of the 'to be' verb with subject pronouns:
هم با ضمایر فاعلی و هم با اسمی که به عنوان فاعل عمل میکند، میتواند کوتاه شود."to be" فعل
با ضمایر فاعلی آورده شده است"to be"در جدول زیر شکلهای کوتاهشده فعل
Full form Contracted form
I am I'm
You are You're
It is It's
He is He's
She is She's
We are We're
They are They're
Do not confuse 'it's' with 'its'. 'Its' is a possessive pronoun and does not have an apostrophe.
This auxiliary verb can also have a contracted negative form. Take a look at the following table:
.یک ضمیر ملکی است و آپاستروف ندارد"its" .اشتباه نگیرید"its" را با "it's"
Full form Contracted form
I am not -
You are not You aren't
It is not It isn't
He is not He isn't
She is not She isn't
We are not We aren't
They are not They aren't
I'm at the bakery./
We're trying to concentrate here.
/Paul's offering us a new job.
من در نانوایی هستم.
ما داریم سعی میکنیم تمرکز کنیم
پاول به ما یک شغل جدید پیشنهاد میدهد.
Tania isn't working hard enough./You aren't supposed to talk to your mother like that.
Another common auxiliary verb is 'have'. It can be used with any subject. Take a look at the following table:
.است که میتواند با هر فاعلی استفاده شود. به جدول زیر نگاه کنید"have" فعل کمکی رایج دیگر
Full form Contracted form
Have 've
Has 's
Had 'd
Just like 'to be', this auxiliary verb can have a contracted negative form. Take a look at the following table:
این فعل کمکی نیز میتواند شکل منفی مختصر داشته باشد. به جدول زیر نگاه کنید "to be"مانند
Full form Contracted form
Have not Haven't
Has not Hasn't
Had not Hadn't
I've already been to that café./Anne's worked so hard for this project.
من قبلاً به آن کافه رفتهام/آن سخت برای این پروژه کار کرده است
She hasn't showed up lately./They haven't gone mad yet.
او اخیراً حضور نداشته است/آنها هنوز دیوانه نشدهاند
The next important auxiliary verb is 'do'. However, this verb can only be contracted in the negative form. Take a look at the following table for more clarification:
Full form Contracted form
Do not Don't
Does not Doesn't
است. اما این فعل تنها در شکل منفی میتواند کوتاه شود. جدول زیر برای "do" فعل کمکی مهم دیگر
.وضوح بیشتر آورده شده است
Now, let us take a look at some examples :
She didn't give in, though.
It doesn't bother me anymore.
Don't you dare talk to me like that, boy!
با این حال او تسلیم نشد
دیگر مرا اذیت نمیکند
جرات نکن اینطور با من صحبت کنی، پسر
It is possible to shorten words when asking questions. Take a look at the table below to understand how we can use 'to be' in questions and shorten it:
Full form Contracted form
What is What's
When is When's
Where is Where's
How is How's
Who is Who's
امکان کوتاه کردن کلمات هنگام پرسیدن سوال وجود دارد. به جدول زیر نگاه کنید تا ببینید چگونه میتوانیم
را در سوالات کوتاه کنیم"to be"
We can use the contracted forms of the 'to be' verb only when we are asking 'wh-questions'.
فقط زمانی که در حال پرسیدن "سؤالات چهکسی" هستیم "to be" ما میتوانیم از اشکال مختصر فعل
.استفاده کنیم
When's Maria's birthday?/How's your relationship with Paula?
تولد ماریا چه زمانی است؟/رابطهات با پائولا چطور است؟
Do not confuse these contractions with abbreviations. An abbreviation is a shortened form of a word that is unique for that word
این را با اختصارات اشتباه نگیرید. اختصار یک شکل کوتاه شده از یک کلمه خاص است که برای آن کلمه منحصر به .فرد است
این یک اختصار برای "Stock Keeping Unit" است.
SKU
این فقط ترکیبی از یک ضمیر فاعلی و فعل "to be" است.
He's