فهرست
aa
Title: aa
Pronunciation: /ˈeɪ ˈeɪ/
Part of speech: noun
Formal or informal: Both
Countable or uncountable: Countable
Transitive or intransitive: Intransitive
Stress marks: ˈeɪ ˈeɪ
Synonym: lava flow, volcanic rock
Opposite: smooth, even
A type of lava flow with a rough surface
The hikers marveled at the rugged landscape formed by the aa flow
Alcoholic
Title: Alcoholic
Pronunciation: /ˌæl.kəˈhɔ.lɪk/
Part of speech: noun/adjective
Formal or informal: Both
Countable or uncountable (noun): Countable
Transitive or intransitive (noun): Intransitive
Stress marks (noun): ˌæl.kəˈhɔ.lɪk
Synonym (noun): drunkard, addict
Opposite (noun): teetotaler, abstainer
(noun): a person who is addicted to alcohol
(noun): The alcoholic sought help for their addiction
(adjective): relating to or containing alcohol
(adjective): She ordered a non-alcoholic beverage at the bar
Abuse
Title: Abuse
Pronunciation: /əˈbyuz/
Part of speech: noun/verb
Formal or informal: Both
Countable or uncountable (noun): Countable
Transitive or intransitive (verb): Transitive
Stress marks (noun): əˈbyuz
Synonym (noun): maltreatment, mistreatment
Opposite (noun): care, respect
(noun): cruel and violent treatment of a person or animal
(noun): The authorities were called to investigate allegations of child abuse
(verb): use (something) to bad effect or for a bad purpose; misuse
(verb): He was accused of abusing his power as manager
Aid
Title: Aid
Pronunciation: /eɪd/
Part of speech: noun/verb
Formal or informal: Both
Countable or uncountable (noun): Countable and uncountable
Transitive or intransitive (verb): Transitive
Stress marks (noun): eɪd
Synonym (noun): assistance, support, help
Opposite (noun): hindrance, obstacle
(noun): assistance, especially in the form of money or resources
(noun): The organization provides aid to refugees in need
(verb): help, assist, or support (someone or something) in the achievement of something
(verb): She aided her friend in completing the project
Beggar
Title: Beggar
Pronunciation: /ˈbɛgər/
Part of speech: noun/verb
Formal or informal: Both
Countable or uncountable (noun): Countable
Transitive or intransitive (verb): Transitive
Stress marks: ˈbɛgər
Synonym (noun): panhandler, mendicant
Opposite (noun): donor, benefactor
(noun): a person who lives by asking for money or food
(noun): The beggar sat on the street corner asking for spare change
(verb): to ask someone earnestly for something
(verb): He would beggar anyone who passed by for some food
Homeless
Title: Homeless
Pronunciation:/ˈhoʊmləs/
Part of speech:adjective/noun
Formal or informal:both
Countable or uncountable:(noun) countable
Stress marks:/ˈhoʊmləs/
Synonym (adjective):destitute, displaced
Opposite (adjective):housed, sheltered
(adjective):without a home; destitute /(noun):a person without a home
The homeless man slept on a park bench
Bias
Title: Bias
Pronunciation:/ˈbaɪəs/
Part of speech:noun/verb/adjective
Formal or informal:both
Countable or uncountable:(noun) countable; (verb) transitive
Transitive or intransitive:(noun)intransitive; (verb)transitive
Stress marks:/ˈbaɪəs/
Synonym:(noun)prejudice, partiality; (verb)prejudice, influence; (adjective)prejudiced, unfair
Opposite:(noun)fairness, impartiality; (verb)unbiased, neutral; (adjective)impartial, unbiased
noun - prejudice in favor of or against one thing, person, or group compared with another
The news article showed clear bias towards one political party
Child labor
Title: Child labor
Pronunciation:/tʃaɪld ˈleɪbər/
Part of speech:noun
Formal or informal:both
Countable or uncountable:uncountable
Stress marks:/tʃaɪld ˈleɪbər/
Synonym:child exploitation, underage work
Opposite:child protection, youth employment
the use of children in industry or business, especially when illegal or considered inhumane
The company was criticized for employing child labor in its factories.
consequence
Title: consequence
Pronunciation:/ˈkɑnsəkwəns/
Part of speech:noun
Formal or informal:both
Countable or uncountable:countable
Stress marks:/ˈkɑnsəkwəns/
Synonym:result, outcome
Opposite:cause, reason
A result or effect of an action or condition
The consequence of his decision was unforeseen
To contribute
Title: To contribute
Pronunciation:/tə kənˈtrɪbjut/
Part of speech:verb
Formal or informal:both
Countable or uncountable:n/a
Transitive or intransitive:transitive
Stress marks:/tə kənˈtrɪbjut/
Synonym:donate, give
Opposite:withhold, keep
Give something, especially money, in order to help achieve or provide something
I want to contribute to the charity fundraiser
Hunger
Title: Hunger
Pronunciation:/ˈhʌŋɡər/
Part of speech:noun/verb
Formal or informal:both
Countable or uncountable:(noun) countable; (verb) intransitive
Transitive or intransitive:(verb)intransitive
Stress marks:/ˈhʌŋɡər/
Synonym:(noun)starvation, famine; (verb)crave, long for
Opposite:(noun)satiety, fullness; (verb)be full
noun - a feeling of discomfort or weakness caused by lack of food; verb - have a strong desire
The hunger crisis in the region was worsening
Relationship
Title: Relationship
Pronunciation:/rɪˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp/
Part of speech:noun
Formal or informal:both
Countable or uncountable:countable
Stress marks:/rɪˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp/
Synonym:bond, connection
Opposite:dissociation, disconnection
A connection between persons by blood or marriage; an emotional connection between people
The siblings had a close relationship
To dismiss
Title: To dismiss
Pronunciation:/tʊ dɪsˈmɪs/
Part of speech:verb
Formal or informal:both
Transitive or intransitive:transitive
Stress marks:/tʊ dɪsˈmɪs/
Synonym:reject, disregard
Opposite:accept, consider
Treat as unworthy of serious consideration
The manager decided to dismiss the proposal
Donation
Title: Donation
Pronunciation:/doʊˈneɪʃn/
Part of speech:noun
Formal or informal:both
Countable or uncountable:countable
Stress marks:/doʊˈneɪʃn/
Synonym:giving, contribution
Opposite:retention, keeping
Something that is given to a charity, especially a sum of money
The organization received a generous donation
Equal
Title: Equal
Pronunciation:/ˈiːkwəl/
Part of speech:noun/adjective/verb
Formal or informal:both
Countable or uncountable:(noun) countable
Transitive or intransitive: (verb)intransitive
Stress marks:/ˈiːkwəl/
Synonym:(noun)peer, counterpart; (adjective)identical, same;
Opposite:(noun)unequal
noun - a person who is the same as another in status, rights, and opportunities; adjective
The two friends were treated as equals by their peers
Non citizen
Title: Non citizen
Pronunciation:/nɑn ˈsɪtəzən/
Part of speech:noun/adjective
Formal or informal:both
Countable or uncountable:(noun) countable;
Stress marks:/nɑn ˈsɪtəzən/
Synonym:(noun)alien, foreigner; Opposite:(noun)citizen
noun - a person who is not a legal citizen of a particular country
The non-citizen was unable to vote in the election
Protester
Title: Protester
Pronunciation:/prəˈtɛstər/
Part of speech:noun
Formal or informal:both
Countable or uncountable:countable
Stress marks:/prəˈtɛstər/
Synonym:demonstrator, activist
Opposite:supporter
A person who publicly demonstrates strong objection to something
The protesters gathered outside the government building
Racist
Title: Racist
Pronunciation: /ˈreɪsɪst/
Part of speech: noun/adjective
Formal or informal: Both
Countable or uncountable (noun): Countable
Transitive or intransitive (noun): Intransitive
Stress marks: ˈreɪsɪst
Synonym (noun): bigot, xenophobe
Opposite (noun): egalitarian, tolerant
Definition (noun): a person who shows or feels discrimination or prejudice against people of other races, or who believes that a particular race is superior to others
Definition (adjective): showing or feeling discrimination or prejudice against people of other races, or believing that a particular race is superior to others
Example
(noun): The activist spoke out against the racist comments made by the politician/ (adjective): His racist remarks caused outrage among the community
Sexist
Title: Sexist
Pronunciation: /ˈsɛksɪst/
Part of speech: noun/adjective
Formal or informal: Both
Countable or uncountable (noun): Countable
Transitive or intransitive (noun): Intransitive
Stress marks: ˈsɛksɪst
Synonym (noun): chauvinist, misogynist
Opposite (noun): feminist, egalitarian
a person who shows discrimination or prejudice against people based on their sex, typically against
(noun): The company was accused of having a sexist hiring policy/ (adjective): Her sexist comments offended many of her colleagues.
Minimum wage
Title: Minimum wage
Pronunciation: /ˈmɪnɪməm weɪdʒ/
Part of speech: noun
Formal or informal: Both
Countable or uncountable: Countable
Transitive or intransitive: Intransitive
Stress marks: ˈmɪnɪməm weɪdʒ
Synonym: base pay, floor wage
Opposite: maximum wage, living wage
The lowest wage permitted by law or by a special agreement, typically applied to unskilled
The government raised the minimum wage to help improve living standards for workers
Guality of life
Title: Guality of life
Pronunciation: /ˈkwɒlɪti əv laɪf/
Part of speech: noun
Formal or informal: Both
Countable or uncountable: Uncountable
Transitive or intransitive: Intransitive
Stress marks: ˈkwɒlɪti əv laɪf
Synonym: standard of living, well-being
Opposite: poor quality of life, misery
The standard of health, comfort, and happiness experienced by an individual or group
The city’s efforts to improve public transportation have positively impacted the quality of life for its residents
Social class
Title: Social class
Pronunciation: /ˈsoʊʃəl klæs/
Part of speech: noun
Formal or informal: Both
Countable or uncountable: Countable
Transitive or intransitive: Intransitive
Stress marks: ˈsoʊʃəl klæs
Synonym: socioeconomic group, stratum
Opposite: social equality, classlessness
Definition: a division of a society based on social and economic status, typically including
distinct groups such as the upper, middle, and lower classes
Example
The novel explores the disparities between social classes in Victorian England
Slum
Title: Slum
Pronunciation:/slʌm/
Part of speech:noun
Formal or informal:both
Countable or uncountable:(noun) countable
Stress marks:/slʌm/
Synonym:squalor, ghetto
Opposite:affluence, prosperity
A squalid and overcrowded urban area inhabited by low-income families
The government initiated a program to improve living conditions in the slums
Shelter
Title: Shelter
Pronunciation:/ˈʃɛltər/
Part of speech:noun/verb
Formal or informal:both
Countable or uncountable:(noun) countable; (verb) transitive
Transitive or intransitive:(verb)transitive
Stress marks:/ˈʃɛltər/
Synonym:(noun)refuge, sanctuary; (verb)protect, shield
Opposite:(noun)exposure, vulnerability; (verb)endanger
a place giving temporary protection from bad weather or danger; verb - protect from a danger
The homeless sought shelter from the storm
Blame
Title: Blame
Pronunciation:/bleɪm/
Part of speech:noun/verb
Formal or informal:both
Countable or uncountable:(noun) countable; Transitive or intransitive:(verb)transitive
Stress marks:/bleɪm/
Synonym:(noun)responsibility, fault; (verb)accuse, fault
Opposite:(noun)praise, exoneration; (verb)exonerate
noun - responsibility for a fault; verb - assign responsibility for a fault
The team leader placed the blame on the faulty equipment
To march
Title: To march
Pronunciation:/tʊ mɑrtʃ/
Part of speech:verb
Formal or informal:both
Transitive or intransitive:intransitive
Stress marks:/tʊ mɑrtʃ/
Synonym:mobilize, parade
Opposite:dissolve, disband
walk along public roads in an organized procession as a form of protest
The activists planned to march through the city center
To starve
Title: To starve
Pronunciation:/tʊ stɑrv/
Part of speech:verb
Formal or informal:both
Transitive or intransitive:intransitive
Stress marks:/tʊ stɑrv/
Synonym:hunger, famish
Opposite:eat, feast
suffer or die from hunger
The refugees were forced to starve due to lack of food supplies
To strive
Title: To strive
Pronunciation:/tʊ straɪv/
Part of speech:verb
Formal or informal:both
Transitive or intransitive:intransitive
Stress marks:/tʊ straɪv/
Synonym:struggle, endeavor
Opposite:surrender, give up
struggle to achieve something
The students strive for academic excellence
Honor
Title: Honor
Pronunciation:/ˈɒnər/
Part of speech:noun/verb
Formal or informal:both
Countable or uncountable:(noun) countable; Transitive or intransitive:(verb)transitive
Stress marks:/ˈɒnər/
Synonym:(noun)dignity, integrity; (verb)respect, esteem
Opposite:(noun)disgrace, shame; (verb)dishonor
noun - high respect; verb - regard with great respect
The soldier was awarded a medal for his honor
Disrespect
Title: Disrespect
Pronunciation:/dɪsˈrɛspɛkt/
Part of speech:noun/verb
Formal or informal:both
Countable or uncountable:(noun) countable; Transitive or intransitive:(verb)transitive
Stress marks:/dɪsˈrɛspɛkt/
Synonym:(noun)rudeness, impoliteness; (verb)dishonor, offend
Opposite:(noun)respect, courtesy; (verb)respect
noun - lack of respect; verb - show a lack of respect for
The student was reprimanded for showing disrespect towards the teacher
Prostitution
Title: Prostitution
Pronunciation:/ˌprɒstəˈtuːʃən/
Part of speech:noun
Formal or informal:both
Countable or uncountable:(noun) uncountable
Stress marks:/ˌprɒstəˈtuːʃən/
Synonym:fornication, sex work
Opposite:purity, chastity
The practice of engaging in sexual activity for payment
The government implemented measures to combat prostitution in the city