فهرست
Amphibian
Title: Amphibian
Pronunciation: am-FIB-ee-uhn
Part of speech: noun
Formal or informal: formal
Countable or uncountable: countable
Transitive or intransitive: intransitive
Stress marks: æmˈfɪb i ən
A cold-blooded vertebrate animal that can live both on land and in water
Frogs and toads are examples of amphibians
Cold-blooded
Title: Cold-blooded
Pronunciation: kohld-bluhd-id
Part of speech: adjective
Formal or informal: formal
Countable or uncountable: countable
Transitive or intransitive: intransitive
Stress marks: ˈkoʊld ˈblʌd ɪd
Opposite: warm-blooded
Having a body temperature that changes with the temperature of the surroundings
Snakes and lizards are cold-blooded animals
warm-blooded
Title: warm-blooded
Pronunciation: wawrm-bluhd-id
Part of speech: adjective
Definition: having a relatively constant body temperature that is independent of the temperature of the surroundings; often used to describe mammals and birds
Formal or informal: formal
Countable or uncountable: countable
Transitive or intransitive: intransitive
Stress marks: ˈwɔrm ˈblʌd ɪd
Opposite: cold-blooded
Example
Humans and birds are warm-blooded animals
Indigenous
Title: Indigenous
Pronunciation: in-DIJ-uh-nuhs
Part of speech: adjective
Formal or informal: formal
Countable or uncountable: countable
Transitive or intransitive: intransitive
Stress marks: ɪnˈdɪdʒ ə nəs
Synonym: native
Opposite: foreign
originating or occurring naturally in a particular place; native
The kangaroo is indigenous to Australia
Rodent
Title: Rodent
Pronunciation: ROH-dnt
Part of speech: noun
Definition: a mammal of an order that includes rats, mice, squirrels, and other related animals, characterized by large incisors used for gnawing.
Formal or informal: formal
Countable or uncountable: countable
Transitive or intransitive: intransitive
Stress marks: ˈroʊ dnt
Example
The rat is a common rodent found in urban areas
Predator
Title: Predator
Pronunciation: PRED-uh-ter
Formal or informal: formal
Countable or uncountable: countable
Transitive or intransitive: intransitive
Stress marks: ˈprɛd ə tər
Synonym: hunter, carnivore
Opposite: prey
an animal that naturally preys on others; a carnivorous animal that hunts, kills, eats other animals
Lions are apex predators in their habitats
Den
Title: Den
Pronunciation: den
Part of speech: noun
Formal or informal: formal
Countable or uncountable: countable
Transitive or intransitive: intransitive
Stress marks: dɛn
Synonym: lair, burrow, hole
A wild animal’s lair or habitation; a place where certain animals, especially badgers, foxes live
The bear retreated to its den for hibernation
To camouflage
Title: To camouflage
Pronunciation: kam-uh-flahzh
Part of speech: verb
Formal or informal: formal
Countable or uncountable: countable
Transitive or intransitive: transitive
Stress marks: ˈkæm əˌflɑʒ
to hide or disguise the presence of something by blending it with its surroundings
The chameleon can camouflage itself to match its environment
Growl
Title: Growl
Pronunciation: /ɡraʊl/
Part of speech: intransitive verb
Formal or informal: informal
Countable or uncountable: countable
Transitive or intransitive: intransitive
Synonym: snarl
Opposite: whimper
To make a low, guttural sound in the throat, typically as a sign of anger or hostility
The dog began to growl as the stranger approached
Badger
Title: Badger
Pronunciation: /ˈbædʒər/
Part of speech: noun and transitive verb
Formal or informal: formal
Countable or uncountable: countable
Transitive or intransitive: transitive
Synonym: harass
Opposite: leave alone
Definition: a heavily built omnivorous nocturnal mammal of the weasel family, typically having a grey and black coat. As a verb, it means to pester or harass (someone) persistently.
Example
The children would badger their parents for a pet badger
Coyote
Title: Coyote
Pronunciation: /kaɪˈoʊti/
Part of speech: noun
Formal or informal: informal
Countable or uncountable: countable
Transitive or intransitive: intransitive
Synonym: prairie wolf
Opposite: domesticated dog
A small, wolflike mammal native to North America
The coyote howled in the distance
cougar
Title: cougar
Pronunciation: /ˈkuːɡər/
Part of speech: noun
Formal or informal: formal
Countable or uncountable: countable
Transitive or intransitive: intransitive
Synonym: mountain lion
Opposite: prey
A large American wild cat with a plain tawny to grayish coat, found from Canada to Patagonia
The cougar stalked its prey through the dense forest
Hare
Title: Hare
Pronunciation: /hɛər/
Part of speech: noun and verb
Definition: a fast-running, long-eared mammal that resembles a large rabbit. As a verb, it means to move swiftly or hurriedly.
Formal or informal: formal
Countable or uncountable: countable
Transitive or intransitive: intransitive (as a verb)
Synonym: rabbit (noun), race (verb)
Opposite: saunter
Example
The hare darted across the field, trying to escape the hunting fox
Hippo
Title: Hippo
Pronunciation: /ˈhɪpəʊ/
Part of speech: noun
Definition: short for hippopotamus, a large herbivorous mammal with a barrel-shaped body, short legs, and thick skin, living in sub-Saharan Africa.
Formal or informal: informal
Countable or uncountable: countable
Transitive or intransitive: intransitive
Synonym: hippopotamus
Opposite: predator
Example
The hippo wallowed in the muddy water, cooling off from the heat
Jaguar
Title: Jaguar
Pronunciation: /ˈdʒæɡwɑr/
Part of speech: noun
Formal or informal: formal
Countable or uncountable: countable
ransitive or intransitive: intransitive
Synonym: panther
Opposite: prey
A large cat native to Central and South America, with a yellow-brown coat marked with black rosette
The jaguar prowled through the dense jungle, searching for its next meal
Panther
Title: Panther
Pronunciation: /ˈpænθər/
Part of speech: noun
Definition: a large, powerful wild animal of the cat family, with a coat of dark fur and no spots, found in the Americas, Asia, and Africa.
Formal or informal: formal
Countable or uncountable: countable
Transitive or intransitive: intransitive
Synonym: leopard
Opposite: prey
Example
The panther stealthily crept through the underbrush, stalking its prey
Rhinoceros
Title: Rhinoceros
Pronunciation: /raɪˈnɒsərəs/
Part of speech: noun
Definition: a large, heavily built plant-eating mammal with one or two horns on the nose and thick folded skin, native to Africa and South Asia.
Irregular spelling and irregular forms:
Irregular plural form is “rhinoceroses” (not “rhinoceri” as some might expect)
Irregular possessive form is “rhinoceros’s” (not “rhinoceros’”)
The word “rhinoceros” has an irregular plural form, but not an irregular singular form.
The word “rhinoceros” has an irregular possessive form, but not an irregular nonpossessive form
Formal or informal = formal
Countable or uncountable = countable
Transitive or intransitive = intransitive
Opposite = predator
Trunk
Title: Trunk
Pronunciation: /trʌŋk/
Part of speech: noun
Formal or informal: formal
Countable or uncountable: countable
Transitive or intransitive: intransitive
Synonym: stem
Opposite: root
The main woody stem of a tree as distinct from its branches and roots
The elephant used its trunk to pick up the fruit
Tusk
Title: Tusk
Pronunciation: /tʌsk/
Part of speech: noun
Definition: a long, pointed tooth, especially one specially developed so as to protrude from the closed mouth, as in the elephant, walrus, or wild boar.
Formal or informal: formal
Countable or uncountable: countable
Transitive or intransitive: intransitive
Synonym: fang
Example
The walrus used its tusks to break through the ice
Skunk
Title: Skunk
Pronunciation: /skʌŋk/
Part of speech: noun
Definition: a North American mammal of the weasel family, with distinctive black and white fur and a capability to spray a liquid with a strong, unpleasant smell as a defensive weapon.
Formal or informal: informal
Countable or uncountable: countable
Transitive or intransitive: intransitive
Synonym: polecat
Example
The skunk sprayed its noxious scent when threatened
Flock
Title: Flock
Pronunciation: /flɒk/
Part of speech: noun and verb
Definition: a group of birds, especially when feeding, resting, or traveling together. As a verb, it means to gather together in a large group.
Formal or informal: formal
Countable or uncountable: countable
Transitive or intransitive: intransitive (as a verb)
Synonym: herd (noun), gather (verb)
Opposite: disperse
Example
The flock of geese flew south for the winter
Cuckoo
Title: Cuckoo
Pronunciation: /ˈkʊkuː/
Part of speech: noun and adjective
Formal or informal: informal
Countable or uncountable: countable
Transitive or intransitive: intransitive
A bird with a two-note call that sounds like its name. As an adjective, it means crazy or silly
The cuckoo’s call could be heard throughout the forest
Dove
Title: Dove
Pronunciation: /dʌv/
Part of speech: noun and verb
Definition: a stocky seed- or fruit-eating bird with a small head, short legs, and cooing voice. As a verb, it means to plunge headfirst into water with arms outstretched.
Formal or informal: formal
Countable or uncountable: countable
Transitive or intransitive: intransitive (as a verb)
Synonym: pigeon (noun), plunge (verb)
Opposite: soar
Example
The dove is often seen as a symbol of peace
Falcon
Title: Falcon
Pronunciation: /ˈfɔːlkən/
Part of speech: noun and verb
Definition: a bird of prey with long pointed wings and a notched beak, typically catching prey by diving on it from above. As a verb, it means to hunt with falcons.
Irregular spelling and irregular forms:
Plural form is “falcons” (not “falcones” as some might expect)
Possessive form is “falcon’s” (not “falcon’”)
Example:Singular form = falcon; plural form = falcons; possessive form = falcon’s
The falcon soared high above the cliffs.
Formal or informal = formal;
Countable or uncountable = countable;
Transitive or intransitive = intransitive;
Opposite = prey
Peacock
Title: Peacock
Pronunciation: /ˈpiːkɒk/
Part of speech: noun and verb
Definition: a large and brightly colored bird with a long tail that can be spread out in display like a fan. As a verb, it means to behave in an ostentatious manner.
Irregular spelling and irregular forms:
Plural form is “peacocks” (not “peacockes” as some might expect)
Possessive form is “peacock’s” (not “peacock’”)
Singular form = peacock;
plural form = peacocks;
possessive form = peacock’s
Formal or informal = formal;
Countable or uncountable = countable;
Transitive or intransitive = intransitive;
Example
The peacock strutted around the garden, displaying its magnificent plumage
Raven
Title: Raven
Pronunciation: /ˈreɪvən/
Part of speech: noun and verb
Definition: a large heavily built crow with mainly black plumage, feeding chiefly on carrion. As a verb, it means to search for something eagerly.
Plural form is “ravens” (not “ravenes” as some might expect)
Possessive form is “raven’s” (not “raven’”)
Singular form = raven;
plural form = ravens;
possessive form = raven’s
Formal or informal = formal;
Countable or uncountable = countable;
Transitive or intransitive = intransitive;
Example
The raven cawed loudly from its perch on the tree
Swallow
Title: Swallow
Pronunciation: /ˈswɒləʊ/
Part of speech: noun and verb
Definition: a small migratory bird with long pointed wings and a forked tail, feeding on insects in flight. As a verb, it means to cause food or drink to pass down the throat.
Irregular spelling and irregular forms:
Past tense is “swallowed” (not “swallowwed” as some might expect)
Present participle is “swallowing” (not “swallowing”)
Singular form = swallow;
plural form = swallows;
past tense = swallowed;
present participle = swallowing
Formal or informal = formal;
Countable or uncountable = countable;
Transitive or intransitive = transitive (as a verb);
Opposite = regurgitate
Example
The swallow swooped gracefully through the air, catching insects on the wing
Grasshopper
Title: Grasshopper
Pronunciation: /ˈɡrɑːsˌhɒpər/
Part of speech: noun
Definition: a plant-eating insect that typically has long hind legs for jumping and produces a chirping sound by rubbing its wings together.
Irregular spelling and irregular forms:
Plural form is “grasshoppers” (not “grasshopperes” as some might expect)
Possessive form is “grasshopper’s” (not “grasshopper’”)
Singular form = grasshopper
plural form = grasshoppers
possessive form = grasshopper’s
Formal or informal = formal
Countable or uncountable = countable
Transitive or intransitive = intransitive
Example
The grasshopper leaped from blade to blade of grass in the meadow
wasp
Title: wasp
Pronunciation: /wɒsp/
Part of speech: noun
Definition: a social winged insect which has a narrow waist and a sting and is typically yellow with black stripes.
Irregular spelling and irregular forms:
Plural form is “wasps” (not “waspes” as some might expect)
Possessive form is “wasp’s” (not “wasp’”)
Singular form = wasp;
plural form = wasps;
possessive form = wasp’s
Formal or informal = formal;
Countable or uncountable = countable;
Transitive or intransitive = intransitive;
Example
The wasp buzzed angrily around the picnic table
Crab
Title: Crab
Pronunciation: /kræb/
Part of speech: noun and verb
Definition:as a noun, it refers to a crustacean with a broad carapace, stalked eyes, and five pairs of legs, the first pair of which are modified as pincers
as a verb, it means to move sideways or obliquely
Irregular spelling and irregular forms:
Plural form is “crabs” (not “crabes” as some might expect)
Possessive form is “crab’s” (not “crab’”)
Singular form = crab
plural form = crabs
possessive form = crab’s
Formal or informal = formal
Countable or uncountable = countable
Transitive or intransitive = intransitive (as a verb)
Synonym = crustacean (noun),sidle (verb)
Opposite = straighten
Example
The crab scuttled across the sand and disappeared into its burrow
orca
Title: orca
Pronunciation:/ˈɔːrkə/
Part of speech:noun
Formal or informal :formal
Countable or uncountable :countable
Transitive or intransitive :intransitive
Synonym :killer whale
A large predatory marine mammal with distinctive black-and-white coloring
The pod of orcas breached the surface of the water
