فهرست
Adjacent
Title: Adjacent
Pronunciation: /əˈdʒeɪsənt/
Part of speech: Adjective
Formal or informal: Formal
Countable or uncountable: Uncountable
Transitive or intransitive: Intransitive
Synonym: Next to, adjoining
Opposite: Distant
Next to or adjoining something else
The hotel room was adjacent to the noisy elevator
Architectural
Title: Architectural
Pronunciation: /ˌɑrkəˈtɛktʃərəl/
Part of speech: Adjective
Formal or informal: Formal
Countable or uncountable: Uncountable
Transitive or intransitive: Intransitive
Synonym: Design-related, structural
Relating to architecture or the design of buildings
The city’s skyline is known for its impressive architectural structures
Interior
Title: Interior
Pronunciation: /ɪnˈtɪriər/
Part of speech: Noun and adjective
Formal or informal: Formal
Countable or uncountable: Uncountable
Transitive or intransitive: Intransitive
Synonym: Inside, inner
Opposite: Exterior
The inside part of something; relating to the inside part of something
The interior of the house was beautifully decorated
Exterior
Title: Exterior
Pronunciation: /ɪkˈstɪriər/
Part of speech: Noun and adjective
Formal or informal: Formal
Countable or uncountable: Uncountable
Transitive or intransitive: Intransitive
Synonym: Outside, outer
Opposite: Interior
The outside part of something; relating to the outside part of something
The exterior of the building was covered in ivy
Insulated
Title: Insulated
Pronunciation: /ˈɪnsəleɪtɪd/
Part of speech: Adjective
Irregular spelling and irregular forms: Past tense is “insulated”
Formal or informal: Formal
Countable or uncountable: Uncountable
Transitive or intransitive: Transitive
Synonym: Protected, separated
Opposite: Exposed
Protected or separated from something undesirable or harmful; kept at a constant temperature
The house was well-insulated to keep out the cold
Municipal
Title: Municipal
Pronunciation: /mjuːˈnɪsəpəl/
Part of speech: Adjective
Formal or informal: Formal
Countable or uncountable: Uncountable
Transitive or intransitive: Intransitive
Synonym: City, town
Relating to a city or town and its governing body
The municipal government was responsible for maintaining the city’s parks
Residental
Title: Residental
Pronunciation: /rɪˈzɪdənʃəl/
Part of speech: Adjective
Formal or informal: Formal
Countable or uncountable: Uncountable
Transitive or intransitive: Intransitive
Synonym: Living, inhabite
Opposite: Commercial
Relating to an area where people live; intended for people to live in
The neighborhood was zoned for residential use only
Godforsaken
Title: Godforsaken
Pronunciation: /ˌɡɑdfɔrˈseɪkən/
Part of speech: Adjective
Formal or informal: Informal
Countable or uncountable: Uncountable
Transitive or intransitive: Intransitive
Synonym: Desolate, abandoned
Opposite: Blessed
Desolate, abandoned, or forsaken by God
The godforsaken town had been abandoned for years
Suburban
Title: Suburban
Pronunciation: /səˈbɜrbən/
Part of speech: Adjective
Formal or informal: Formal
Countable or uncountable: Uncountable
Transitive or intransitive:Intransitive
Synonym: Residential, suburbanite
Opposite: Urban
Relating to a suburb, a residential area outside of a city
They moved to a quiet suburban neighborhood to raise their family
vacant
Title: vacant
Pronunciation: /ˈveɪkənt/
Part of speech: Adjective
Formal or informal: Formal
Countable or uncountable: Uncountable
Transitive or intransitive: Intransitive
Synonym: Empty, unoccupied
Opposite: Occupied
Empty, not occupied or in use
The vacant lot was overgrown with weeds
To assemble
Title: To assemble
Pronunciation: /əˈsɛmbəl/
Part of speech: Verb
Definition: To gather together in one place for a common purpose; to put together or construct something from parts
Irregular spelling and irregular forms: Past tense is “assembled”
Formal or informal: Formal
Countable or uncountable: Uncountable
Transitive or intransitive: Transitive
Synonym: Gather, construct
Opposite: Disassemble
Example
The workers assembled the furniture in the customer’s home
To decay
Title: To decay
Pronunciation: /dɪˈkeɪ/
Part of speech: Verb
Irregular spelling and irregular forms: Past tense is “decayed”
Formal or informal: Formal
Countable or uncountable: Uncountable
Transitive or intransitive: Intransitive
Synonym: Deteriorate, rot
Opposite: Flourish
To become gradually damaged, decaying over time
The abandoned building had begun to decay over time
To Demolish
Title: To Demolish
Pronunciation: /dɪˈmɑlɪʃ/
Part of speech: Verb
Irregular spelling and irregular forms: Past tense is “demolished”
Formal or informal: Formal
Countable or uncountable: Uncountable
Transitive or intransitive: Transitive
Synonym: Destroy, raze
Opposite: Build
To tear down or destroy completely; to abolish or put an end to something
The old building was demolished to make way for a new one
To erect
Title: To erect
Pronunciation: /ɪˈrɛkt/
Part of speech: Verb
Irregular spelling and irregular forms: Past tense is “erected”
Formal or informal: Formal
Countable or uncountable: Uncountable
Transitive or intransitive: Transitive
Synonym: Construct, build
Opposite: Demolish
To construct or build something; to set up or establish something
The workers erected the scaffolding for the construction project
To refurbish
Title: To refurbish
Pronunciation: /rɪˈfɜrbɪʃ/
Part of speech: Verb
Irregular spelling and irregular forms: Past tense is “refurbished”
Formal or informal: Formal
Countable or uncountable: Uncountable
Transitive or intransitive: Transitive
Synonym: Renovate, restore
Opposite: Neglect
To renovate or repair something to make it look new again; to give new life to something old
They refurbished the old house to bring it up to modern standards
To renovate
Title: To renovate
Pronunciation: /ˈrɛnəveɪt/
Part of speech: Verb
Irregular spelling and irregular forms: Past tense is “renovated”
Formal or informal: Formal
Countable or uncountable: Uncountable
Transitive or intransitive: Transitive
Synonym: Restore, renew
Opposite: Neglect
To restore or improve something that is old or damaged; to make something new again
They renovated the historic building to preserve its original architecture
Bungalow
Title: Bungalow
Pronunciation: /ˈbʌŋɡəloʊ/
Part of speech: Noun
Irregular spelling and irregular forms: Plural is “bungalows”
Formal or informal: Informal
Countable or uncountable: Countable
Transitive or intransitive: Intransitive
Synonym: Cottage, cabin
Opposite: Skyscraper
A small, one-story house with a low-pitched roof and a wide front porch
The bungalow had a cozy, rustic feel to it
Dome
Title: Dome
Pronunciation: /doʊm/
Part of speech: noun
Formal or informal: both formal and informal
Countable or uncountable: countable
Transitive or intransitive: intransitive
Stress marks: /doʊm
Synonym: cupola
A rounded vault forming the roof of a building or structure, typically with a circular base
The Capitol building in Washington, D.C. has a large dome
court
Title: court
Pronunciation: /kɔrt/
Part of speech: noun
Formal or informal: both formal and informal
Countable or uncountable: countable
Transitive or intransitive: intransitive
Stress marks: /kɔrt
Synonym: tribunal
A tribunal presided over by a judge, judges, or a magistrate in civil and criminal cases
The case will be heard in the Supreme Court
Sauna
Title: Sauna
Pronunciation: /ˈsɔnə/
Part of speech: noun
Formal or informal: both formal and informal
Countable or uncountable: countable
Transitive or intransitive: intransitive
Stress marks: /ˈsɔnə
Synonym: steam bath
A small room used as a hot-air or steam bath for cleaning and refreshing the body
After a workout, I like to relax in the sauna
Igloo
Title: Igloo
Pronunciation: /ˈɪɡlu/
Part of speech: noun
Formal or informal: both formal and informal
Countable or uncountable: countable
Transitive or intransitive: intransitive
Stress marks: /ˈɪɡlu
Synonym: snow hut
A dome-shaped Eskimo house, typically built from blocks of solid snow
The Inuit people traditionally built igloos as temporary shelters
High-rise
Title: High-rise
Pronunciation: /ˈhaɪˌraɪz/
Part of speech: noun/adjective
Formal or informal: both formal and informal
Definition: (noun) A tall modern building with many floors; (adjective) Describing a building that is tall with many floors
Countable or uncountable: countable (noun), uncountable (adjective)
Transitive or intransitive: intransitive (adjective)
Stress marks: /ˈhaɪˌraɪz
Synonym: skyscraper (noun), tall (adjective)
Opposite: low-rise
Example
The city skyline is dominated by high-rise buildings
Lighthouse
Title: Lighthouse
Pronunciation: /ˈlaɪtˌhaʊs/
Part of speech: noun
Definition: A tower with a bright light at the top, located at an important or dangerous place to guide ships and boats safely into or out of a port
Formal or informal: both formal and informal
Countable or uncountable: countable
Transitive or intransitive: intransitive
Stress marks: /ˈlaɪtˌhaʊs
Synonym: beacon, light tower
Example
The lighthouse warned ships of the dangerous rocks near the shore
Pier
Title: Pier
Pronunciation: /pɪər/
Part of speech: noun/verb
Irregular spelling and irregular forms: piers (plural)
Formal or informal: both formal and informal
Countable or uncountable: countable (noun), uncountable (verb)
Transitive or intransitive: transitive (verb)
Stress marks: /pɪər
Synonym: jetty, wharf (noun), dock (verb)
Definition: (noun) A raised structure built out into the water, typically on piles; (verb) To dock at or alongside a pier
Example
The ferry departed from the pier at sunrise
premises
Title: premises
Pronunciation:/ˈprɛmɪsɪz/
Part of speech:noun
Definition:A house or building, together with its land and outbuildings, occupied by a business or considered in an official context.
Formal or informal:both formal and informal
Countable or uncountable:
Transitive or intransitive:
Stress marks:/ˈprɛmɪsɪz
Example
The company’s premises were surrounded by security fencing
Arch
Title: Arch
Pronunciation: /ɑrtʃ/
Part of speech: noun/verb
Definition: (noun) A curved symmetrical structure spanning an opening and typically supporting the weight of a bridge, roof, or wall above it; (verb) To form or make into an arch
Irregular spelling and irregular forms: arches (plural), arched (past tense)
Formal or informal: both formal and informal
Countable or uncountable: countable (noun), uncountable (verb)
Transitive or intransitive: transitive (verb)
Stress marks: /ɑrtʃ
Synonym: curve, vault (noun), bend (verb)
Example
The ancient Roman aqueducts were supported by arches
Beam
Title: Beam
Pronunciation: /bim/
Part of speech: noun/verb
Definition: (noun) A long, sturdy piece of squared timber or metal used to support the roof or floor of a building; (verb) To emit light or shine brightly
Irregular spelling and irregular forms: beams (plural), beamed (past tense)
Formal or informal: both formal and informal
Countable or uncountable: countable (noun), uncountable (verb)
Transitive or intransitive: intransitive (verb)
Stress marks: /bim
Synonym: rafter, girder (noun), radiate (verb)
Example
The ceiling beam in the old house was made of solid oak
cement
Title: cement
Pronunciation: /sɪˈmɛnt/
Part of speech: noun/verb
Definition: (noun) A powdery substance made by calcining lime and clay, mixed with water to form mortar or mixed with sand, gravel, and water to make concrete; (verb) To bind, join, or unite together with or as if with cement
Irregular spelling and irregular forms: cements (plural), cemented (past tense)
Formal or informal: both formal and informal
Countable or uncountable: countable (noun), uncountable (verb)
Transitive or intransitive: transitive (verb)
Stress marks: /sɪˈmɛnt
Synonym: mortar, concrete (noun), solidify (verb)
Example
The construction workers poured cement to lay the foundation for the new building
Tile
Title: Tile
Pronunciation: /taɪl/
art of speech: noun/verb
Definition: (noun) A thin rectangular slab of baked clay, concrete, or other material, used in overlapping rows for covering roofs; (verb) To cover with tiles
Irregular spelling and irregular forms: tiles (plural), tiled (past tense)
Formal or informal: both formal and informal
Countable or uncountable: countable (noun), uncountable (verb)
Transitive or intransitive: transitive (verb)
Stress marks: /taɪl
Synonym: roofing, shingle (noun), cover (verb)
Example
The bathroom floor was tiled with blue and white ceramic tiles
Marble
Title: Marble
Pronunciation: /ˈmɑrbəl/
Part of speech: noun/verb
Definition: (noun) A hard crystalline metamorphic form of limestone, typically white with mottlings or streaks of color; (verb) To give a hard polished surface to
Irregular spelling and irregular forms: marbles (plural), marbled (past tense)
Formal or informal: both formal and informal
Countable or uncountable: countable (noun), uncountable (verb)
Transitive or intransitive: transitive (verb)
Stress marks: /ˈmɑrbəl
Synonym: stone, granite (noun), polish (verb)
Example
The grand staircase was made of white marble
crane
Title: crane
Pronunciation: /kreɪn/
Part of speech: noun/verb
Definition: (noun) A large, tall machine used for moving heavy objects by suspending them from a projecting arm or beam; (verb) To stretch out one’s body or neck in order to see something better
Irregular spelling and irregular forms: cranes (plural), craned (past tense)
Formal or informal: both formal and informal
Countable or uncountable: countable (noun), uncountable (verb)
Transitive or intransitive: intransitive (verb)
Stress marks: /kreɪn
Synonym: hoist, derrick (noun), stretch (verb)
Example
The construction site used a crane to lift steel beams into place
Escalator
Title: Escalator
Pronunciation:/ˈɛskəˌleɪtər/
Part of speech:noun
Definition:A moving staircase consisting of an endlessly circulating belt of steps driven by a motor, conveying people between the floors of a public building.
Formal or informal:both formal and informal
Countable or uncountable:
Transitive or intransitive:
Stress marks:/ˈɛskəˌleɪtər
Example
The shopping mall installed new escalators to improve accessibility
Flooring
Title: Flooring
Pronunciation:/ˈflɔrɪŋ/
Part of speech:noun
Formal or informal:both formal and informal
Countable or uncountable:
Transitive or intransitive:
Stress marks:/ˈflɔrɪŋ
The boards or other material of which a floor is made
The new house had beautiful hardwood flooring throughout
Foundation
Title: Foundation
Pronunciation: foun-dey-shuhn
Part of speech: noun
Formal or informal: formal
Countable or uncountable: countable
Transitive or intransitive: intransitive
Stress marks: foun-DA-tion
Synonym: basis, groundwork
Opposite: pinnacle, peak
The basis or groundwork of anything
The foundation of the building was laid with great care
Embassy
Title: Embassy
Pronunciation: em-buh-see
Part of speech: noun
Formal or informal: formal
Countable or uncountable: countable
Transitive or intransitive: intransitive
Stress marks: EM-bas-sy
Synonym: consulate, diplomatic mission
The official residence or offices of an ambassador in a foreign country
The embassy issued travel advisories for its citizens abroad
plumbing
Title: plumbing
Pronunciation: pluhm-ing
Part of speech: noun
Formal or informal: neutral
Countable or uncountable: uncountable
Transitive or intransitive: intransitive
Stress marks: PLUM-ing
Synonym: piping, piping system
The system of pipes and fixtures for the distribution of water or gas in a buildin
The plumbing in the old house needed to be completely replaced
chalet
Title: chalet
Pronunciation: shal-ey
Part of speech: noun
Formal or informal: neutral
Countable or uncountable: countable
Transitive or intransitive: intransitive
Stress marks: CHA-let
Synonym: cottage, cabin
Opposite: skyscraper, high-rise
A small, wooden house or cottage, typically in a mountain or rural area
We rented a charming chalet for our ski trip
Lobby
Title: Lobby
Pronunciation: lah-bee
Part of speech: noun
Definition: a room providing a space out of which one or more other rooms or corridors lead, typically one near the entrance of a public building
Formal or informal: neutral
Countable or uncountable: countable
Transitive or intransitive: intransitive
Stress marks: LOB-by
Synonym: entrance hall, foyer
Example
We waited in the hotel lobby for our tour guide to arrive
Thatched
Title: Thatched
Pronunciation: thacht
Part of speech: adjective
Formal or informal: neutral
Countable or uncountable: countable (when referring to roofs)
Transitive or intransitive: intransitive
Synonym: straw-covered, reed-covered
Opposite: tiled, shingled
covered with straw or reeds as roofing material
The thatched roof gave the cottage a rustic look
shovel-ready
Title: shovel-ready
Pronunciation: shuhv-uhl red-ee
Part of speech: adjective phrase
Formal or informal: neutral
Countable or uncountable: countable (when referring to projects)
Transitive or intransitive: intransitive
Stress marks: SHOVEL-READY
Synonym: ready for action, ready to go
Opposite: delayed, postponed
Describes a project that is ready to begin immediately, without any delays or obstacles
The government announced a new shovel-ready infrastructure program
