فهرست
Title page
Title: Title page
Pronunciation: /ˈtaɪtəl peɪdʒ/
Part of speech: noun
Formal or informal: Both
Countable or uncountable: Countable
Stress marks: ˈtaɪtəl peɪdʒ
Synonym: cover page, front page
A page at the beginning of a book that gives the title, author, and publisher
The title page of the novel was beautifully designed.
Appendix
Title: Appendix
Pronunciation: /əˈpɛndɪks/
Part of speech: noun
Formal or informal: Both
Countable or uncountable: Countable
Stress marks: əˈpɛndɪks
Synonym: supplement, addendum
A section at the end of a book containing additional information
The appendix included detailed charts and graphs
Footnote
Title: Footnote
Pronunciation: /ˈfʊtnoʊt/
Part of speech: noun
Formal or informal: Both
Countable or uncountable: Countable
Stress marks: ˈfʊtnoʊt
Synonym: annotation, reference
A note at the bottom of a page that provides additional information or citation
The footnote clarified a complex term used in the text
Back story
Title: Back story
Pronunciation: /ˈbæk ˈstɔri/
Part of speech: noun
Formal or informal: Both
Countable or uncountable: Countable
Stress marks: ˈbæk ˈstɔri
Synonym: background, history
The history or background of a character or situation in a narrative
The back story of the protagonist explained her motivations
characterization
Title: characterization
Pronunciation: /ˌkærɪktərəˈzeɪʃən/
Part of speech: noun
Formal or informal: Both
Countable or uncountable: Uncountable
Stress marks: ˌkærɪktərəˈzeɪʃən
Synonym: portrayal, depiction
The creation and development of characters in a story or play
The author’s skillful characterization made the novel come alive
Narration
Title: Narration
Pronunciation: /nəˈreɪʃən/
Part of speech: noun
Formal or informal: Both
Countable or uncountable: Uncountable
Stress marks: nəˈreɪʃən
Synonym: storytelling, recital
The act of telling a story or describing events
The narration of the documentary was done by a famous actor
Third person
Title: Third person
Pronunciation: /θərd ˈpɜrsən/
Part of speech: noun
Formal or informal: Both
Countable or uncountable: Countable
Stress marks: θərd ˈpɜrsən
Synonym: outsider perspective, external narration
Opposite: first person
A narrative mode where the story is told by an outside observer
The novel was written in the third person, providing an objective viewpoint
Twist
Title: Twist
Pronunciation: /twɪst/
Part of speech: noun
Formal or informal: Both
Countable or uncountable: Countable
Stress marks: twɪst
Synonym: turn, curveball
Opposite: straightforwardness
An unexpected change or turn of events in a story or plot
The movie had a surprising twist that caught the audience off guard
Inspiration
Title: Inspiration
Pronunciation: /ˌɪnspəˈreɪʃən/
Part of speech: noun
Formal or informal: Both
Countable or uncountable: Uncountable
Stress marks: ˌɪnspəˈreɪʃən
Synonym: influence, stimulation
Opposite: discouragement
Something that stimulates creativity or motivation
The artist found inspiration for her painting in nature
To co-author
Title: To co-author
Pronunciation: /toʊ koʊ ˈɔθər/
Part of speech: verb phrase
Irregular spelling and irregular forms: co-authored (past tense)
Formal or informal: Both
Countable or uncountable: Transitive
Transitive or intransitive: Transitive
Stress marks: toʊ koʊ ˈɔθər
Synonym: collaborate on writing, jointly author
To write a book or article together with another person
The two professors decided to co-author a research paper
To compose
Title: To compose
Pronunciation: /toʊ kəmˈpoʊz/
Part of speech: verb
Irregular spelling and irregular forms: composed (past tense)
Formal or informal: Both
Countable or uncountable: Transitive
Transitive or intransitive: Transitive
Stress marks: toʊ kəmˈpoʊz
Synonym: create, write, craft
Opposite: destroy
To create a piece of writing, such as music, poetry, or prose
The musician took months to compose his latest symphony
To jot down
Title: To jot down
Pronunciation: /toʊ dʒɑt daʊn/
Part of speech: verb phrase
Irregular spelling and irregular forms: jotted down (past tense)
Formal or informal: Informal
Countable or uncountable: Transitive
Transitive or intransitive: Transitive
Stress marks: toʊ dʒɑt daʊn
Synonym: note, scribble, record quickly
Opposite: erase
To quickly write something down, typically short notes or ideas
She jotted down the key points of the lecture in her notebook
To proofread
Title: To proofread
Pronunciation: /tu ˈpruːfriːd/
Part of speech: verb
Irregular spelling and irregular forms: proofread (past tense)
Formal or informal: Both
Countable or uncountable: Transitive
Transitive or intransitive: Transitive
Stress marks: tu ˈpruːfriːd
Synonym: edit, check, review
Opposite: overlook
To read through written material to find and correct errors in grammar, spelling, and punctuation
She spent hours proofreading her essay before submitting it
To script
Title: To script
Pronunciation:/tu skrɪpt/
Part of speech:noun
Formal or informal:both
Stress marks:/tu skrɪpt/
Synonym:text, screenplay
A written version of a play, movie, broadcast, etc.
I was asked to script a short film for the film festival
Autobiography
Title: Autobiography
Pronunciation:/ˌɔtəbaɪˈɑgrəfi/
Part of speech:noun
Formal or informal:both
Stress marks:/ˌɔtəbaɪˈɑgrəfi/
Synonym:memoir, life story
A written account of one’s own life
The autobiography revealed many personal details about the author’s life
Sequel
Title: Sequel
Pronunciation:/ˈsiːkwəl/
Part of speech:noun
Formal or informal:both
Stress marks:/ˈsiːkwəl/
Synonym:follower, continuation
A published, broadcast, or recorded work that continues the story of a previous work
The movie’s sequel was highly anticipated by fans
Quote
Title: Quote
Pronunciation:/kwoʊt/
Part of speech:noun
Formal or informal:both
Stress marks:/kwoʊt/
Synonym:citation, saying
A passage or expression taken from a book, speech, etc. and repeated by someone else
The speaker ended her presentation with an inspiring quote
Comic strip
Title: Comic strip
Pronunciation:/ˈkɒmɪk strɪp/
Part of speech:noun
Formal or informal:both
Stress marks:/ˈkɒmɪk strɪp/
Synonym:funnies, comic book
A sequence of drawings in boxes that tell a story, often humorous
I enjoy reading the comic strips in the newspaper every Sunday
Fable
Title: Fable
Pronunciation:/ˈfeɪbəl/
Part of speech:noun
Formal or informal:both
Stress marks:/ˈfeɪbəl/
Synonym:tale, parable
A short story with a moral, often involving animals as characters
Aesop’s fables are well-known for their timeless lessons
Pamphlet
Title: Pamphlet
Pronunciation:/ˈpæmflət/
Part of speech:noun
Formal or informal:both
Stress marks:/ˈpæmflət/
Synonym:brouchure, leaflet
a small booklet containing information or arguments about a single subject
The museum handed out pamphlets with details about the new exhibit
Hardcover
Title: Hardcover
Pronunciation:/ˈhɑrdkʌvər/
Part of speech:noun
Formal or informal:both
Stress marks:/ˈhɑrdkʌvər/
Synonym:bord book, hardback
A book with rigid cardboard covers typically covered with cloth or leather
I prefer hardcover books for their durability
Paperback
Title: Paperback
Pronunciation:/ˈpeɪpərbæk/
Part of speech:noun
Formal or informal:both
Stress marks:/ˈpeɪpərbæk/
Synonym:pocket book, softcover
A book with flexible paper covers and typically lower cost than hardcover books
I like to take paperback books with me when traveling
prose
Title: prose
Pronunciation:/proʊz/
Part of speech:noun
Formal or informal:both
Stress marks:/proʊz/
Synonym:narrative, writing
written language in its ordinary form without metrical structure
The novel was written in beautiful prose
Playwright
Title: Playwright
Pronunciation:/ˈpleɪraɪt/
Part of speech:noun
Formal or informal:both
Stress marks:/ˈpleɪraɪt/
Synonym:dramatist, scriptwriter
A person who writes plays
The playwright won an award for her latest production
Engaging
Title: Engaging
Pronunciation: /ɪnˈɡeɪdʒɪŋ/
Part of speech: adjective
Formal or informal: Both
Countable or uncountable: Countable
Stress marks: ɪnˈɡeɪdʒɪŋ
Synonym: captivating, compelling
Opposite: dull
Capturing and holding one’s attention; interesting and enjoyable
The engaging plot of the novel kept me reading until the end
Gripping
Title: Gripping
Pronunciation: /ˈɡrɪpɪŋ/
Part of speech: adjective
Formal or informal: Both
Countable or uncountable: Countable
Stress marks: ˈɡrɪpɪŋ
Synonym: riveting, absorbing
Opposite: uninteresting
Holding one’s attention or interest firmly; compelling
The gripping suspense of the movie kept the audience on the edge of their seats
Intriguing
Title: Intriguing
Pronunciation: /ɪnˈtriːɡɪŋ/
Part of speech: adjective
Formal or informal: Both
Countable or uncountable: Countable
Stress marks: ɪnˈtriːɡɪŋ
Synonym: captivating, alluring
Opposite: boring
Arousing curiosity or interest; fascinating
The intriguing mystery of the story kept readers guessing until the end
Ironic
Title: Ironic
Pronunciation: /aɪˈrɒnɪk/
Part of speech: adjective
Definition: using words to convey a meaning that is the opposite of its literal meaning; unexpected or incongruous in a way that seems amusing
Formal or informal: Both
Countable or uncountable: Countable
Stress marks: aɪˈrɒnɪk
Synonym: sarcastic, satirical
Opposite: straightforward
Example
It was ironic that the fire station burned down
Tragic
Title: Tragic
Pronunciation: /ˈtrædʒɪk/
Part of speech: adjective
Formal or informal: Both
Countable or uncountable: Countable
Stress marks: ˈtrædʒɪk
Synonym: heartbreaking, sorrowful
Opposite: joyful
Causing great sadness or suffering; involving death or disaster
The tragic ending of the play left the audience in tears
Symbolism
Title: Symbolism
Pronunciation: /ˈsɪmbəlɪzəm/
Part of speech: noun
Formal or informal: Both
Countable or uncountable: Uncountable
Stress marks:/ˈsɪmbəlɪzəm/
Synonym:symbolization, representation
The use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities
The author used the color red as symbolism for danger and passion in the novel
Trilogy
Title: Trilogy
Pronunciation:/ˈtrɪlədʒi/
Part of speech:noun
Formal or informal:both
Stress marks:/ˈtrɪlədʒi/
Synonym:set, series
A group of three related novels, plays, films, etc.
The author’s trilogy became a bestseller
