فهرست
To sue
Title: To sue
Pronunciation: /s(j)uː/
Part of speech: verb
Formal or informal: formal
Countable or uncountable: countable
Transitive or intransitive: transitive
Synonym: take legal action againstOpposite: to defend
To institute legal proceedings against someone
The company decided to sue the contractor for breach of contract
To acquit
Title: To acquit
Pronunciation: /əˈkwɪt/
Part of speech: verb
Formal or informal: formal
Countable or uncountable: countable
Transitive or intransitive: transitive
Synonym: exonerate
Opposite: to convict
To declare someone not guilty of a criminal charge
The jury voted to acquit the defendant of all charges
To bail
Title: To bail
Pronunciation: /beɪl/
Part of speech: verb
Irregular spelling and irregular forms: bailed, bailing
Formal or informal: informal
Countable or uncountable: countable
Transitive or intransitive: transitive
Synonym: release on bail
Opposite: to detain
To release a person from custody by providing a sum of money
The suspect was bailed out of jail by his family
To condemn
Title: To condemn
Pronunciation: /kənˈdɛm/
Part of speech: verb
Irregular spelling and irregular forms: condemned, condemning
Formal or informal: formal
Countable or uncountable: countable
Transitive or intransitive: transitive
Synonym: denounce
Opposite: to praise
To express complete disapproval of something
The mayor condemned the violence that erupted during the protest
To convict
Title: To convict
Pronunciation: /kənˈvɪkt/
Part of speech: verb
Irregular spelling and irregular forms: convicted, convicting
Formal or informal: formal
Countable or uncountable: countable
Transitive or intransitive: transitive
Synonym: find guilty
Opposite: to acquit
To find someone guilty of a criminal offense in a court of law
The jury took only a few hours to convict the defendant
To detain
Title: To detain
Pronunciation: /dɪˈteɪn/
Part of speech: verb
Irregular spelling and irregular forms: detained, detaining
Formal or informal: formal
Countable or uncountable: countable
Transitive or intransitive: transitive
Synonym: arrest
Opposite: to release
To keep someone in official custody, typically for questioning or in connection with a crime
The police detained the suspect for further questioning
To enforce
Title: To enforce
Pronunciation: /ɪnˈfɔːs/
Part of speech: verb
Irregular spelling and irregular forms: enforced, enforcing
Formal or informal: formal
Countable or uncountable: countable
Transitive or intransitive: transitive
Synonym: implement
Opposite: to neglect
To ensure compliance with a rule, law, or agreement
The government is determined to enforce stricter regulations on pollution
To legislate
Title: To legislate
Pronunciation: /ˈlɛdʒɪsleɪt/
Part of speech: verb
Irregular spelling and irregular forms: legislated, legislating
Formal or informal: formal
Countable or uncountable: countable
Transitive or intransitive: intransitive
Synonym: make laws
Opposite: to repeal
To make or enact laws
The parliament is set to legislate on new tax reforms
To prosecute
Title: To prosecute
Pronunciation: /ˈprɒsɪkjuːt/- Part of speech: verb
Irregular spelling and irregular forms: prosecuted, prosecuting
Formal or informal: formal
Countable or uncountable: countable
Transitive or intransitive: transitive
Synonym: bring charges against
Opposite: to defend
To institute legal proceedings against someone in respect of a criminal charge
The district attorney decided to prosecute the suspect for fraud.
To testify
Title: To testify
Pronunciation: /ˈtɛstɪfʌɪ/
Part of speech: verb
Irregular spelling and irregular forms: testified, testifying
Formal or informal: formal
Countable or uncountable: countable
Transitive or intransitive: intransitive
Synonym: give evidence
Opposite: to deny
To give evidence as a witness in a court of law
The witness was asked to testify about what he saw on the night of the crime
Advocate
Title: Advocate
Pronunciation: /ˈadvəkət/
Part of speech: noun/verb
Irregular spelling and irregular forms: advocated, advocating
Formal or informal: formal
Countable or uncountable: countable
Transitive or intransitive: transitive
Synonym: support
Opposite: oppose
To publicly support or recommend a particular cause or policy
She is an advocate for animal rights
Cop
Title: Cop
Pronunciation: /kɒp/
Part of speech: noun
Irregular spelling and irregular forms: cops (plural)
Example: The cop arrested the suspect.
Formal or informal: informal
Countable or uncountable: countable
Transitive or intransitive: intransitive
Synonym: police officer
Opposite: criminal
A police officer
The cop arrested the suspect
Plain-clothes
Title: Plain-clothes
Pronunciation: /pleɪn kləʊðz/
Part of speech: adjective
Formal or informal: formal
Countable or uncountable: countable
Transitive or intransitive: intransitive
Synonym: undercover
Opposite: uniformed
Dressed in ordinary clothes and not a uniform, especially when working as a detective
The plain-clothes detective followed the suspect discreetly
Handcuff
Title: Handcuff
Pronunciation: /ˈhan(d)kʌf/
Part of speech: noun/verb
Irregular spelling and irregular forms: handcuffed, handcuffing
Formal or informal: formal
Countable or uncountable: countable
Transitive or intransitive: transitive
Synonym: restrain
Opposite: release
A pair of lockable linked metal rings for securing a prisoner’s wrists; to put handcuffs on someone
The police handcuffed the suspect before taking him into custody
Patrol
Title: Patrol
Pronunciation: /pəˈtrəʊl/
Part of speech: noun/verb
Definition: to keep watch over an area by regularly walking or traveling around it; a person or group of people sent to keep watch over an area, especially a detachment of guards or police
Irregular spelling and irregular forms: patrolled, patrolling
Formal or informal: formal
Countable or uncountable: countable
Transitive or intransitive: intransitive
Synonym: guard
Opposite: neglect
Example
The security guard patrols the building every night
Defendant
Title: Defendant
Pronunciation: /dɪˈfɛnd(ə)nt/
Part of speech: noun
Definition: an individual, company, or institution sued or accused in a court of law; the person against whom a claim or charge is brought in a trial
Irregular spelling and irregular forms: defendants (plural)
Formal or informal: formal
Countable or uncountable: countable
Transitive or intransitive: intransitive
Synonym: accused
Opposite: plaintiff
Example
The defendant pleaded not guilty to the charges
Hangman
Title: Hangman
Pronunciation: /ˈhaŋmən/
Part of speech: noun
Irregular spelling and irregular forms: hangmen (plural)
Formal or informal: formal
Countable or uncountable: countable
Transitive or intransitive: intransitive
Synonym: executioner
Opposite: savior
A person who hangs criminals who are condemned to death
The hangman executed the condemned criminal
Juvenile
Title: Juvenile
Pronunciation: /ˈdʒuːv(ə)nʌɪl/
Part of speech: adjective/noun
Irregular spelling and irregular forms: juveniles (plural)
Formal or informal: formal
Countable or uncountable: countable
Transitive or intransitive: intransitive
Synonym: young
Opposite: adult
Relating to young people, especially children who are not yet adults; a young person
The juvenile offender was sentenced to community service
Magistrate
Title: Magistrate
Pronunciation: /ˈmadʒɪstreɪt/
Part of speech: noun
Definition: a civil officer who administers the law, especially one who conducts a court that deals with minor offenses and holds preliminary hearings for more serious ones
Irregular spelling and irregular forms: magistrates (plural)
Formal or informal: formal
Countable or uncountable: countable
Transitive or intransitive: intransitive
Synonym: judge
Opposite: criminal
Example
The magistrate presided over the hearing
Outlaw
Title: Outlaw
Pronunciation: /ˈaʊtlɔː/
Part of speech: noun/verb/adjective
Irregular spelling and irregular forms: outlaws (plural), outlawed, outlawing
Formal or informal: formal
Countable or uncountable: countable
Transitive or intransitive: transitive
Synonym: criminal
Opposite: law-abiding
Example
The outlaw was on the run from the authorities
Bond
Title: Bond
Pronunciation: /bɒnd/
Part of speech: noun/verb
Definition: a thing used to tie something or to fasten things together; a force or feeling that unites people; to form a close relationship with someone; a certificate issued by a government or company promising to pay back borrowed money at a fixed rate of interest on a specified date
Irregular spelling and irregular forms: bonded, bonding, bonds (plural)
Formal or informal: formal
Countable or uncountable: countable/uncountable
Transitive or intransitive: both
Synonym: connection
Opposite: disconnect
Example
The bond between the partners was unbreakable
court order
Title: court order
Pronunciation: /kɔːt ˈɔːdə/
Part of speech: noun
Irregular spelling and irregular forms: court orders (plural)
Formal or informal: formal
Countable or uncountable: countable
Transitive or intransitive: intransitive
Synonym: decree
Opposite: disobedience
an official statement from a court that orders someone to do or not do something
The court order required the defendant to pay restitution
Lawsuit
Title: Lawsuit
Pronunciation: /ˈlɔːs(j)uːt/
Part of speech: noun
Definition: a claim or dispute brought to a court of law for adjudication; a civil action by which one party sues another for damages for wrongs done to their person, property, or rights
Irregular spelling and irregular forms: lawsuits (plural)
Formal or informal: formal
Countable or uncountable: countable
Transitive or intransitive: intransitive
Synonym: legal action
Opposite: settlement
Example
The lawsuit was settled out of court
Hearing
Title: Hearing
Pronunciation: /ˈhɪərɪŋ/
Part of speech: noun
Definition: a proceeding before a court or other decision-making body, such as a government agency or legislative committee, where evidence is presented and witnesses are heard
Irregular spelling and irregular forms: hearings (plural)
Formal or informal: formal
Countable or uncountable: countable
Transitive or intransitive: intransitive
Synonym: trial
Opposite: silence
Example
The hearing was scheduled for next week
Custody
Title: Custody
Pronunciation: /ˈkʌstədi/
Part of speech: noun
Irregular spelling and irregular forms: custodies (plural)
Formal or informal: formal
Countable or uncountable: uncountable
Transitive or intransitive: intransitive
Synonym: guardianship
Opposite: freedom
The protective care or guardianship of someone or something; imprisonment
The child was placed in the custody of their grandparents
Declaration
Title: Declaration
Pronunciation: /ˌdɛkləˈreɪʃ(ə)n/
Part of speech: noun
Definition: a formal or explicit statement or announcement; the action of making a statement or proclamation
Irregular spelling and irregular forms: declarations (plural)
Formal or informal: formal
Countable or uncountable: countable
Transitive or intransitive: intransitive
Synonym: statement
Opposite: silence
Example
The declaration of independence was a significant moment in history
Guilt
Title: Guilt
Pronunciation: /ɡɪlt/
Part of speech: noun
Definition: the fact of having committed a specified or implied offense or crime; a feeling of having done wrong or failed in an obligation
Formal or informal: formal
Countable or uncountable: uncountable
Transitive or intransitive: intransitive
Synonym: culpability
Opposite: innocence
Example
The defendant’s guilt was proven beyond a reasonable doubt
Innocence
Title: Innocence
Pronunciation: /ˈɪnəs(ə)ns/
Part of speech: noun
Definition: the state of being free from sin or moral wrong; lack of guilt; lack of knowledge or understanding of worldly matters
Formal or informal: formal
Countable or uncountable: uncountable
Transitive or intransitive: intransitive
Synonym: purity
Opposite: guilt
Example
The innocence of the accused was evident to the jury
Legalization
Title: Legalization
Pronunciation: /ˌliːɡ(ə)lʌɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/
Part of speech: noun
Definition: the process of making something lawful or legal according to the law of the land; the act of giving legal validity to something previously illegal or prohibited
Irregular spelling and irregular forms: legalizations (plural)
Formal or informal: formal
Countable or uncountable: uncountable
Transitive or intransitive: intransitive
Synonym: legitimization
Opposite: prohibition
Example
The legalization of same-sex marriage was a landmark decision
Pro bono
Title: Pro bono
Pronunciation: /prəʊ ˈbəʊnəʊ/
Part of speech: adjective/adverb
Definition: denoting work undertaken without charge, especially legal work for a client with a low income; without charge, for free, as a public service
Formal or informal: formal
Countable or uncountable: uncountable
Transitive or intransitive: both
Synonym: free of charge
Opposite: paid
Example
The lawyer provided pro bono legal services to the nonprofit organization
plea
Title: plea
Pronunciation: /pliː/
Part of speech: noun/verb
Definition: a request made in an urgent and emotional manner; an appeal; a formal statement by or on behalf of a defendant or prisoner, stating guilt or innocence in response to a charge, offering an allegation, excuse, or defense, seeking leniency, or requesting a specific form of relief; to make an urgent emotional request; to plead guilty or not guilty in response to a charge
Irregular spelling and irregular forms: pleas (plural), pleaded/pled (past tense), pleading (present participle)
Formal or informal: formal
Countable or uncountable: countable/uncountable
Transitive or intransitive: both
Synonym: appeal, entreaty (noun); beg, implore (verb)
Opposite: refusal
Example
The defendant entered a plea of not guilty
Testimony
Title: Testimony
Pronunciation: /ˈtɛstɪməni/
Part of speech: noun
Irregular spelling and irregular forms: testimonies (plural)
Formal or informal: formal
Countable or uncountable: countable
Transitive or intransitive: intransitive
Synonym: evidence, statement
Opposite: falsehood
Evidence given by a witness, especially orally in court under oath
The witness gave compelling testimony in court
verdict
Title: verdict
Pronunciation: /ˈvɜːdɪkt/
Part of speech: noun
Irregular spelling and irregular forms: verdicts (plural)
Formal or informal: formal
Countable or uncountable: countable
Transitive or intransitive: intransitive
Synonym: decision, judgment
Opposite: acquittal
a decision on a disputed issue in a civil or criminal case; a judgment or opinion about something
The jury reached a unanimous verdict of guilty
warrant
Title: warrant
Pronunciation: /ˈwɒrənt/
Part of speech: noun/verb
Definition: a document issued by a legal or government official authorizing the police or another body to make an arrest, search premises, or carry out some other action relating to the administration of justice; to justify or necessitate (a certain course of action); to guarantee something
Irregular spelling and irregular forms: warrants (plural), warranted (past tense), warranting (present participle)
Formal or informal: formal
Countable or uncountable: countable
Transitive or intransitive: both
Synonym: authorization, permit (noun); justify, necessitate (verb)
Opposite: prohibit
Example
The judge issued a warrant for the suspect’s arrest
Applicable
Title: Applicable
Pronunciation: /əˈplɪkəb(ə)l/
Part of speech: adjective
Definition: relevant or appropriate to a particular situation; capable of being applied; having relevance or bearing on a particular matter
Formal or informal: formal
Countable or uncountable: uncountable
Transitive or intransitive: intransitive
Synonym: relevant, suitable
Opposite: irrelevant
Example
The new regulations are not applicable to this case
Invalid
Title: Invalid
Pronunciation: /ɪnˈvælɪd/
Part of speech: adjective/noun/verb
Definition: not valid; having no force or effect; not legally acceptable; a person made weak or disabled by illness or injury; to remove the legal force from something; to make something invalid
Irregular spelling and irregular forms: invalids (plural), invalidated (past tense), invalidating (present participle)
Formal or informal: formal
Countable or uncountable: countable/uncountable
Transitive or intransitive: both
Synonym: void, null (adjective); patient, sufferer (noun); nullify, annul (verb)
Opposite: valid
Example
The court ruled that the contract was invalid
Judicial
Title: Judicial
Pronunciation: /dʒuːˈdɪʃ(ə)l/
Part of speech: adjective
Definition: relating to the administration of justice or the legal system; of, by, or appropriate to a law court or judge; having the power to make judgments and deliver verdicts
Formal or informal: formal
Countable or uncountable: uncountable
Transitive or intransitive: intransitive
Synonym: legal, juridical
Opposite: non-judicial
Example
The judicial system ensures fair trials for all individuals
liable
Title: liable
Pronunciation: /ˈlaɪəb(ə)l/
Part of speech: adjective
Definition: responsible by law; legally answerable; likely to do something; having a tendency to do something; at risk of experiencing something unpleasant as a result of something else happening; being under a moral obligation to do something; likely to be affected by something undesirable; susceptible to experiencing something negative; held legally responsible for something; legally obligated to pay for damages or debts; likely to experience negative consequences as a result of one’s actions or circumstances
Formal or informal: formal
Countable or uncountable: uncountable
Transitive or intransitive: intransitive
Synonym: responsible, accountable, answerable, subject, susceptible, likely, obligated, at risk,
Example
The company is liable for damages caused by their product
Regulatory
Title: Regulatory
Pronunciation: /ˈrɛɡjʊlət(ə)ri/
Part of speech: adjective
Formal or informal: formal
Countable or uncountable: uncountable
Transitive or intransitive: intransitive
Synonym: controlling, governing
Opposite: non-regulatory
Relating to or making rules or regulations
The regulatory body oversees the safety standards of the industry
Undercover
Title: Undercover
Pronunciation: /ˌʌndəˈkʌvə/
Part of speech: adjective/adverb
Definition: working or done secretly, especially in order to catch criminals or gather information; in a secret or hidden way
Formal or informal: informal
Countable or uncountable: uncountable
Transitive or intransitive: both
Synonym: covert, secret
Opposite: overt
Example
The detective went undercover to infiltrate the criminal organization
