فهرست
Advocate
Title: Advocate
Pronunciation: ˈædvəˌkeɪt
Part of speech: verb
Irregular spelling and irregular forms: advocated, advocating
Formal or informal: formal
Countable or uncountable: countable
Transitive or intransitive: transitive
Stress marks: ˈædvəˌkeɪt
Synonym: support
Opposite: oppose
publicly recommend or support
The organization will advocate for policy change
Appraise
Title: Appraise
Pronunciation: əˈpreɪz
Part of speech: verb
Irregular spelling and irregular forms: appraised, appraising
Formal or informal: formal
Countable or uncountable: countable
Transitive or intransitive: transitive
Stress marks: əˈpreɪz
Synonym: evaluate
Opposite: undervalue
Assess the value or quality of
The real estate agent will appraise the property before listing it
Assert
Title: Assert
Pronunciation: əˈsɜrt
Part of speech: verb
Irregular spelling and irregular forms: asserted, asserting
Formal or informal: formal
Countable or uncountable: countable
Transitive or intransitive: transitive
Stress marks: əˈsɜrt
Synonym: declare
Opposite: retract
state a fact or belief confidently and forcefully
The witness will assert their testimony in court
Bias
Title: Bias
Pronunciation: ˈbaɪəs
Part of speech: verb/noun
Definition (verb): cause to feel or show inclination or prejudice for or against someone or something
Definition (noun): inclination or prejudice for or against one person or group, especially in a way considered to be unfair
Irregular spelling and irregular forms: biased, biasing (verb)
Formal or informal: formal
Countable or uncountable: countable (noun)
Transitive or intransitive: transitive (verb)
Stress marks: ˈbaɪəs
Synonym (verb): prejudice
Synonym (noun): partiality
Opposite (verb): impartialize
Opposite (noun): fairness
Example
(verb): The news report seemed to bias the audience against the candidate/ (noun): The hiring manager was accused of showing bias in the selection process
Calculate
Title: Calculate
Pronunciation: ˈkælkyəˌleɪt
Part of speech: verb
Irregular spelling and irregular forms: calculated, calculating
Formal or informal: formal
Countable or uncountable: countable
Transitive or intransitive: transitive
Stress marks: ˈkælkyəˌleɪt
Synonym: compute
Opposite: estimate
Determine (the amount or number of something) mathematically
The accountant will calculate the company’s annual profits
Commit
Title: Commit
Pronunciation: kəˈmɪt
Part of speech: verb
Irregular spelling and irregular forms: committed, committing
Formal or informal: formal
Countable or uncountable: countable
Transitive or intransitive: transitive
Stress marks: kəˈmɪt
Synonym: perpetrate
Opposite: abstain
carry out or perpetrate (a mistake, crime, or immoral act)
The suspect committed the crime in broad daylight
Confer
Title: Confer
Pronunciation: kənˈfɜr
Part of speech: verb
Irregular spelling and irregular forms: conferred, conferring
Formal or informal: formal
Countable or uncountable: countable
Transitive or intransitive: transitive
Stress marks: kənˈfɜr
Synonym: bestow
Opposite: withhold
Grant or bestow (a title, degree, benefit, or right)
The university will confer degrees at the graduation ceremony
Contradict
Title: Contradict
Pronunciation: ˌkɒntrəˈdɪkt
Part of speech: verb
Irregular spelling and irregular forms: contradicted, contradicting
Formal or informal: formal
Countable or uncountable: countable
Transitive or intransitive: transitive
Stress marks: ˌkɒntrəˈdɪkt
Synonym: refute
Opposite: confirm
Deny the truth of (a statement) by asserting the opposite
The witness’s testimony seemed to contradict earlier statements
Deduce
Title: Deduce
Pronunciation :dɪˈdus
Part of speech :verb
Irregular spelling and irregular forms :deduced, deducing
Formal or informal :formal
Countable or uncountable :countable
Transitive or intransitive :transitive
Stress marks :dɪˈdus
Synonym :infer
Opposite :guess
Arrive at (a fact or a conclusion) by reasoning; draw as a logical conclusion
From the evidence presented, the detective was able to deduce the identity of the culprit
Deem
Title: Deem
Pronunciation :dim
Part of speech :verb
Irregular spelling and irregular forms :deemed, deeming
Formal or informal :formal
Countable or uncountable :countable
Transitive or intransitive :transitive
Stress marks :dim
Synonym :consider
Opposite :disregard
Regard or consider in a specified way; judge
The committee deemed the proposal worthy of further consideration
Dispute
Title: Dispute
Pronunciation :dɪsˈpjut
Part of speech :verb/noun
Definition (verb) :argue about (something); discuss heatedly
Definition (noun) :a disagreement, argument, or debate
Irregular spelling and irregular forms :disputed, disputing
Formal or informal :formal
Countable or uncountable :countable
Transitive or intransitive :(depends on usage)
Stress marks :dɪsˈpjut
Synonym (verb) :argue
Synonym (noun) :argument
Opposite (verb) :agree
Opposite (noun) :agreement
Example
(verb) :The neighbors disputed over the property line/ (noun) :The dispute between the two parties was settled through mediation.
Echo
Title: Echo
Pronunciation :ˈɛkoʊ
Part of speech :verb/noun
Definition (verb) :(of a sound) be repeated because the sound waves are reflected back.
Definition (noun) :a sound or series of sounds caused by the reflection of sound waves from a surface back to the listener
Irregular spelling and irregular forms :echoed, echoing
Formal or informal :formal
Countable or uncountable :(depends on usage)
Transitive or intransitive :(depends on usage)
Stress marks :ˈɛkoʊ
Synonym (verb) :reverberate
Synonym (noun) :repetition
Opposite (verb) :absorb
Opposite (noun) :silence
Example
(verb) :The sound of footsteps echoed through the empty hallway/ (noun) :The echo from the canyon made it difficult to determine the source of the sound
Anti
Title: Anti
Pronunciation :’ænˌtaɪ
Part of speech :adjective/noun/prefix
Definition (adjective) :(of a substance) acting against something; counteracting.
Definition (noun) :a person who is opposed to a particular practice, party, policy, action, etc.
Definition (prefix) :opposed to; against
Formal or informal :formal
Countable or uncountable :(depends on usage)
Transitive or intransitive :(depends on usage)
Stress marks :’ænˌtaɪ
Synonym (adjective) :counteracting
Synonym (noun) :opponent
Opposite (adjective) :pro
Opposite (noun) :supporter
Example
(adjective) :The anti-inflammatory medication helped reduce swelling/ (noun) :The activist was known as an anti of the government’s policies
Affirmative
Title: Affirmative
Pronunciation :æfərˈmətɪv
Part of speech :adjective/noun
Definition (adjective) :agreeing with a statement or to a request; positive; confirming.
Definition (noun) :(in grammar) an affirmative word or phrase
Formal or informal :formal
Countable or uncountable :(depends on usage)
Transitive or intransitive :(depends on usage)
Stress marks :æfərˈmətɪv
Synonym (adjective) :positive
Synonym (noun) :positive word
Opposite (adjective) :negative
Opposite (noun) :negative word
Example
(adjective) :The team received an affirmative response to their proposal/ (noun) :In English grammar, “yes” is considered an affirmative
Debatable
Title: Debatable
Pronunciation: /dɪˈbeɪtəbəl/
Part of speech: adjective
Formal or informal: Can be used in both formal and informal contexts.
Countable or uncountable: Countable Transitive or intransitive: Intransitive
Stress marks: de-BAT-a-ble
Synonym: arguable, disputable
Opposite: indisputable, unquestionable
Open to debate or discussion; not clearly decided or resolved
The topic of climate change is highly debatable among scientists
Arguably
Title: Arguably
Pronunciation: /ˈɑːrɡjʊəbli/
Part of speech: adverb
Formal or informal: Can be used in both formal and informal contexts.
Countable or uncountable: Uncountable
Stress marks: AR-gyoo-uh-bly
Synonym: possibly, potentially
Opposite: indisputably, undoubtedly
Used to indicate that something is open to debate or argument
He is arguably the best player on the team
To fight out
Title: To fight out
Pronunciation: /faɪt aʊt/
Part of speech: phrasal verb
Formal or informal: Can be used in both formal and informal contexts.
Countable or uncountable: Uncountable
Transitive or intransitive: Transitive
(each word is stressed separately)
Synonym: settle, resolve
Opposite: reconcile, compromise
To resolve or settle a conflict or disagreement through physical or verbal combat
They decided to fight out their differences in the boxing ring
clash
Title: clash
Pronunciation: /klæʃ/
Part of speech: noun and verb
Definition:Noun: a violent confrontation or conflict between opposing parties
Verb: to come into conflict or disagreement
Formal or informal: Can be used in both formal and informal contexts.
Countable or uncountable: Countable (noun), intransitive (verb)
Transitive or intransitive: Intransitive (verb)
Stress marks: CLASH (noun), clash (verb)
Synonym:Noun: conflict, confrontation
Verb: collide, disagree
Opposite:Noun: agreement, harmony
Verb: agree, harmonize
Example
There was a clash between police and protesters at the demonstration
Confrontation
Title: Confrontation
Pronunciation: /ˌkɒnfrənˈteɪʃn/
Part of speech: noun
Formal or informal: Can be used in both formal and informal contexts.
Countable or uncountable: Countable
Stress marks: con-fron-TA-shun
Synonym: conflict, clash
Opposite: agreement, harmony
A hostile or argumentative meeting or situation between opposing individuals or groups
The confrontation between the two political leaders grew increasingly heated.
consciousness
Title: consciousness
Pronunciation: /ˈkɒnʃəsnəs/
Part of speech: noun
Formal or informal: Can be used in both formal and informal contexts.
Countable or uncountable: Uncountable
Stress marks: CON-shuh-niss
Synonym: awareness, mindfulness
Opposite: unconsciousness, unawareness
The state of being aware of and able to think and perceive objects, events, and mental states
She regained consciousness after fainting
Consistency
Title: Consistency
Pronunciation: /kənˈsɪstənsi/
Part of speech: noun
Formal or informal: Can be used in both formal and informal contexts.
Countable or uncountable: Uncountable
Stress marks: con-SIS-tun-see
Synonym: uniformity, reliability
Opposite: inconsistency, variability
The condition of always behaving in the same way or having the same opinions, standards, or quality
The key to success is consistency and hard work.
Conviction
Title: Conviction
Pronunciation: /kənˈvɪkʃən/
Part of speech: noun
Formal or informal: Can be used in both formal and informal contexts
Countable or uncountable: Countable
Stress marks: kun-VIK-shun
Synonym: belief, certainty
Opposite: doubt, uncertainty
A strong belief or opinion, or the state of being convinced or found guilty of a crime
She spoke with conviction and confidence
critique
Title: critique
Pronunciation: /krɪˈtiːk/
Part of speech: noun and verb
Definition:Noun: a detailed analysis, evaluation, or review of a work of art, literature, or performance
Verb: to evaluate or review (a work of art, literature, or performance)
Formal or informal: Can be used in both formal and informal contexts.
Countable or uncountable: Countable (noun), transitive (verb)
Transitive or intransitive: Transitive (verb)
Stress marks: cri-TEEK (noun), kri-TEEK (verb)
Synonym:Noun: review, analysis
Verb: evaluate, analyze
Opposite:Noun: praise, compliment
Verb: praise, compliment
Example
The film received mixed critiques from the critics
cliché
Title: cliché
Pronunciation: /kliːˈʃeɪ/
Part of speech: noun
Formal or informal: Can be used in both formal and informal contexts.
Countable or uncountable: Countable
Stress marks: KLEE-shay
Synonym: stereotype, platitude
Opposite: originality, novelty
An overused phrase or expression that has lost its originality or impact
“A picture is worth a thousand words” is a cliché
Double-edged
Title: Double-edged
Pronunciation: /ˈdʌbəl ɛdʒd/
Part of speech: adjective
Formal or informal: Can be used in both formal and informal contexts.
Countable or uncountable: Uncountable
Stress marks: DOUB-le-edjd
Synonym: ambivalent, two-faced
Opposite: single-minded, straightforward
Having both positive and negative effects or implications
His sharp wit can be double-edged; it can make people laugh or offend them.
Okey-dokey
Title: Okey-dokey
Pronunciation: /oʊkiː ˈdoʊkiː/
Part of speech: adjective and adverb
Formal or informal: Informal
Countable or uncountable: Uncountable
Stress marks: OH-kee DOH-kee
Synonym: okay, all right
Opposite: nope, not at all
Expressing agreement, approval, or acceptance
“Are you ready to go?” “Okey-dokey, let’s go!”
Awesome sauce
Title: Awesome sauce
Pronunciation: /ˈɔːsəm sɔːs/
Part of speech: noun and slang
Formal or informal: Informal, slang
Countable or uncountable: Uncountable
Stress marks: AW-suhm saws
Synonym: amazing, fantastic
Opposite: terrible, awful
an exaggerated expression used to describe something as extremely impressive, excellent,or enjoyable
That concert was awesome sauce!
