فهرست
Iceberg
Title: Iceberg
Pronunciation: ˈaɪsbɜːg
Part of speech: noun
Definition: a large piece of ice floating in the sea, typically showing only a small part of its true size above the surface; a situation or problem that is not immediately apparent or obvious
Irregular spelling and irregular forms: icebergs (plural)
Formal or informal: formal
Countable or uncountable: countable
Transitive or intransitive: intransitive
Stress marks: ice-berg
Synonym: floe, obstacle (literal), hidden problem (figurative)
Opposite: clear path (literal), obvious solution (figurative)
Example
The Titanic sank after hitting an iceberg in the North Atlantic
Idol
Title: Idol
Pronunciation: ˈaɪdəl
Part of speech: noun/verb
Definition: an image or representation of a god used as an object of worship; a person or thing that is greatly admired, loved, or revered; to admire, love, or revere excessively
Irregular spelling and irregular forms: idols (plural)
Example: Many people in ancient times worshipped idols made of stone or wood.
Formal or informal: both
Countable or uncountable: countable
Transitive or intransitive: transitive
Stress marks: i-dol (noun), i-dol (verb)
Synonym: deity, hero (literal), role model, icon (figurative)
Opposite: blasphemy, sacrilege (literal), unimportant, disliked (figurative)
Example
Many people in ancient times worshipped idols made of stone or wood
Ignorance
Title: Ignorance
Pronunciation: ˈɪɡnərəns
Part of speech: noun
Definition: lack of knowledge or information about something; unawareness; the state of being uninformed or uneducated
Irregular spelling and irregular forms:
Formal or informal: both
Countable or uncountable: uncountable
Transitive or intransitive: intransitive
Stress marks: ig-no-rance
Synonym: unawareness, unfamiliarity
Opposite: knowledge, awareness
Example
The teacher was shocked by the students’ ignorance of basic math concepts
Illiterate
Title: Illiterate
Pronunciation: ɪˈlɪtərət
Part of speech: adjective/noun
Irregular spelling and irregular forms: illiteracy (noun)
Formal or informal: both
Countable or uncountable: countable (noun)
Transitive or intransitive: intransitive
Stress marks: il-lit-er-ate (adjective), il-lit-er-ate (noun)
Synonym: uneducated, ignorant (adjective), non-reader (noun)
Opposite: literate, educated (adjective), reader (noun)
Unable to read or write; lacking in education or culture; a person who is illiterate
Many people in developing countries are illiterate due to a lack of access to education
Illusion
Title: Illusion
Pronunciation: ɪˈluːʒn
Part of speech: noun
Definition: a false idea or belief; a deceptive appearance or impression; a thing that is or is likely to be wrongly perceived or interpreted by the senses
Irregular spelling and irregular forms: illusions (plural)
Formal or informal: both
Countable or uncountable: countable
Transitive or intransitive: intransitive
Stress marks: il-lu-sion
Synonym: delusion, mirage (literal), misconception, misinterpretation (figurative)
Opposite: reality, truth
Example
The magician created the illusion of a disappearing act with his clever use of mirrors
Imitation
Title: Imitation
Pronunciation: ɪmɪˈteɪʃn
Part of speech: noun/adjective
Definition: the action of imitating someone or something; the result of imitating something; not genuine or real; made to look like something else
Irregular spelling and irregular forms: imitations (plural)
Formal or informal: both
Countable or uncountable: countable
Transitive or intransitive: intransitive (noun), transitive (adjective)
Stress marks: i-mi-ta-tion (noun), im-i-ta-tion (adjective)
Synonym: copy, replica (literal), fake, counterfeit (figurative)
Opposite: original, authentic
Example
The artist’s painting was an excellent imitation of a famous masterpiece
Immature
Title: Immature
Pronunciation: ˌɪməˈtjʊə
Part of speech: adjective
Irregular spelling and irregular forms: immaturity (noun)
Formal or informal: both
Countable or uncountable: uncountable
Transitive or intransitive: intransitive
Stress marks: im-ma-ture
Synonym: juvenile, inexperienced
Opposite: mature, experienced
Not fully developed physically or mentally; not ripe; lacking emotional maturity or experience
The young athlete’s immature behavior on the field cost his team the game
Imminent
Title: Imminent
Pronunciation: ˈɪmɪnənt
Part of speech: adjective
Irregular spelling and irregular forms:
Formal or informal: formal
Countable or uncountable: uncountable
Transitive or intransitive: intransitive
Stress marks: im-mi-nent
Synonym: impending, forthcoming
Opposite: distant, unlikely
About to happen; likely to occur at any moment; impending
The weather forecast warned of an imminent storm
Immune
Title: Immune
Pronunciation: ɪˈmjuːn
Part of speech: adjective/noun
Definition: resistant to a particular infection or toxin; protected from something unpleasant; a person who is immune to a particular disease
Irregular spelling and irregular forms: immunity (noun)
Formal or informal: both
Countable or uncountable: countable (noun)
Transitive or intransitive: intransitive (adjective), transitive (noun)
Stress marks: i-mune (adjective), i-mune (noun)
Synonym: resistant, protected (adjective), antibody (noun)
Opposite: susceptible, vulnerable (adjective), non-immune (noun)
Example
Some people are naturally immune to certain diseases, while others need to be vaccinated
Implication
Title: Implication
Pronunciation: ˌɪmplɪˈkeɪʃn
Part of speech: noun
Definition: the conclusion that can be drawn from something, although it is not explicitly stated; a suggestion or hint; the action or state of being involved in something
Irregular spelling and irregular forms: implications (plural)
Formal or informal: both
Countable or uncountable: countable
Transitive or intransitive: intransitive
Stress marks: im-pli-ca-tion
Synonym: inference, suggestion
Opposite: explicit statement, clear direction
Example
The politician’s statement had serious implications for the future of the country
Imply
Title: Imply
Pronunciation: ɪmˈplaɪ
Part of speech: verb
Definition: strongly suggest the truth or existence of something without stating it directly; to indicate or suggest indirectly
Irregular spelling and irregular forms: implies, implied (verb)
Formal or informal: both
Countable or uncountable: uncountable
Transitive or intransitive: transitive
Stress marks: im-ply
Synonym: suggest, hint
Opposite: state explicitly, deny
Example
The teacher’s tone of voice implied that the student had not done the homework
Imprisonment
Title: Imprisonment
Pronunciation: ɪmˈprɪznmənt
Part of speech: noun
Irregular spelling and irregular forms:
Formal or informal: formal
Countable or uncountable: uncountable
Transitive or intransitive: intransitive
Stress marks: im-pris-on-ment
Synonym: incarceration, detention
Opposite: freedom, release
The state of being confined in prison; the act of putting someone in prison; captivity
The judge sentenced the criminal to 10 years of imprisonment for his crimes
Impulse
Title: Impulse
Pronunciation: ˈɪmpʌls
Part of speech: noun
Irregular spelling and irregular forms: impulses (plural)
Formal or informal: both
Countable or uncountable: countable
Transitive or intransitive: intransitive
Stress marks: im-pulse
Synonym: urge, instinct
Opposite: restraint, inhibition
A sudden strong and unreflective urge or desire to act; a driving force or influence
She had an impulse to buy the dress even though she couldn’t afford it
Inconsiderate
Title: Inconsiderate
Pronunciation: ˌɪnkənˈsɪdərət
Part of speech: adjective
Definition: thoughtless; lacking in concern for the feelings or needs of others; not taking into account other people’s feelings or needs
Irregular spelling and irregular forms: inconsiderateness (noun)
Formal or informal: both
Countable or uncountable: uncountable
Transitive or intransitive: intransitive
Stress marks: in-con-sid-er-ate
Synonym: selfish, insensitive
Opposite: considerate, thoughtful
Example
It was inconsiderate of him to play loud music late at night when his neighbors were trying to sleep
Incur
Title: Incur
Pronunciation: ɪnˈkɜːr
Part of speech: verb
Definition: become subject to (something unwelcome or unpleasant) as a result of one’s own behavior or actions; bring upon oneself; to acquire or sustain something undesirable
Irregular spelling and irregular forms: incurs, incurred (verb)
Formal or informal: formal
Countable or uncountable: uncountable
Transitive or intransitive: transitive
Stress marks: in-cur
Synonym: experience, suffer
Opposite: avoid, prevent
Example
If you don’t pay your bills on time, you will incur late fees and interest charges
Indisputable
Title: Indisputable
Pronunciation: ˌɪndɪsˈpjuːtəbl
Part of speech: adjective
Formal or informal: formal
Countable or uncountable: uncountable
Transitive or intransitive: intransitive
Stress marks: in-dis-pu-ta-ble
Synonym: undeniable, irrefutable
Opposite: disputable, questionable
Unable to be challenged or denied; unquestionable; beyond doubt
The evidence presented in court was indisputable and led to a quick verdict
Indulge
Title: Indulge
Pronunciation: ɪnˈdʌldʒ
Part of speech: verb
Definition: allow oneself to enjoy the pleasure of; to give in to a desire or craving; to gratify or satisfy a desire
Irregular spelling and irregular forms: indulges, indulged (verb)
Formal or informal: both
Countable or uncountable: uncountable
Transitive or intransitive: transitive
Stress marks: in-dulge
Synonym: spoil, pamper
Opposite: deny, restrain
Example
She decided to indulge in a piece of chocolate cake even though she was on a diet
Inequality
Title: Inequality
Pronunciation: ˌɪnɪˈkwɒlɪti
Part of speech: noun
Definition: the state of being unequal; lack of equality; disparity in treatment or opportunity between different groups of people
Irregular spelling and irregular forms: inequalities (plural)
Formal or informal: both
Countable or uncountable: uncountable
Transitive or intransitive: intransitive
Stress marks: in-e-qual-i-ty
Synonym: disparity, imbalance
Opposite: equality, fairness
Example
There is still a lot of inequality between men and women in the workplace
Inferior
Title: Inferior
Pronunciation: ɪnˈfɪərɪə
Part of speech: adjective/noun
Definition: lower in rank, status, or quality; less valuable or important; a person or thing that is lower in rank, status, or quality
Irregular spelling and irregular forms: inferiors (plural), inferiority (noun)
Formal or informal: both
Countable or uncountable: countable (noun)
Transitive or intransitive: intransitive
Stress marks: in-fe-ri-or (adjective), in-fe-ri-or (noun)
Synonym: substandard, second-rate (adjective), subordinate (noun)
Opposite: superior, excellent (adjective), superior (noun)
Example
The company’s products were of inferior quality compared to its competitors
Interim
Title: Interim
Pronunciation: ˈɪntərɪm
Part of speech: adjective/noun
Definition: temporary; in the meantime; the intervening time; a temporary or provisional arrangement or measure
Irregular spelling and irregular forms:
Formal or informal: formal
Countable or uncountable: countable (noun)
Transitive or intransitive: intransitive (adjective), transitive (noun)
Stress marks: in-ter-im (adjective), in-ter-im (noun)
Synonym: provisional, temporary (adjective), stopgap (noun)
Opposite: permanent, long-term (adjective), permanent solution (noun)
Example
The company appointed an interim CEO until they found a permanent replacement.
Itch
Title: Itch
Pronunciation: ɪtʃ
Part of speech: verb/noun
Definition: have or cause an irritating sensation on the skin that makes one want to scratch; a feeling of discomfort or irritation that makes one want to scratch; a strong desire or impulse to do something
Irregular spelling and irregular forms: itches, itched (verb)
Formal or informal: both
Countable or uncountable: countable (noun)
Transitive or intransitive: intransitive (verb), transitive (noun)
Stress marks: itch (verb), itch (noun)
Synonym: scratch, irritation (literal), urge, craving (figurative)
Opposite: soothe, comfort (literal), no desire (figurative)
Example
The mosquito bite made her skin itch and she couldn’t stop scratching it
