فهرست
Pace
Title: Pace
Pronunciation: /peɪs/
Part of speech: noun
Formal or informal: formal
Countable or uncountable: countable
Transitive or intransitive: intransitive
Stress marks: /peɪs/
Synonym: speed
Opposite: slow down
The speed at which something happens or is done
She walked at a brisk pace
Pact
Title: Pact
Pronunciation: /pækt/
Part of speech: noun
Formal or informal: formal
Countable or uncountable: countable
Transitive or intransitive: intransitive
Stress marks: /pækt/
Synonym: agreement
Opposite: disagreement
A formal agreement between individuals or parties
The two countries signed a trade pact
Palm
Title: Palm
Pronunciation: /pɑːm/
Part of speech: noun
Formal or informal: informal
Countable or uncountable: countable
Transitive or intransitive: transitive
Stress marks: /pɑːm/
Synonym: hand
Opposite: back of hand
The inner surface of the hand between the wrist and fingers
She held the coin in the palm of her hand
Panel
Title: Panel
Pronunciation: /ˈpænəl/
Part of speech: noun
Definition: a flat, typically rectangular, piece of wood or glass forming part of a door, wall, or other structure
Formal or informal: formal
Countable or uncountable: countable
Transitive or intransitive: intransitive
Stress marks: /ˈpænəl/
Synonym: board
Opposite: opening
Example
The artist painted a mural on the panel
Paradigm
Title: Paradigm
Pronunciation: /ˈperədaɪm/
Part of speech: noun
Formal or informal: formal
Countable or uncountable: countable
Transitive or intransitive: intransitive
Stress marks: /ˈperədaɪm/
Synonym: model
Opposite: anomaly
A typical example or pattern of something; a model
The study represents a new paradigm for medical research
Parallel
Title: Parallel
Pronunciation: /ˈperəlel/
Part of speech: adjective
Formal or informal: formal
Countable or uncountable: countable
Transitive or intransitive: intransitive
Stress marks: /ˈperəlel/
Synonym: similar
Opposite: perpendicular
side by side and having the same distance continuously between them
The railroad tracks are parallel to each other
Paramount
Title: Paramount
Pronunciation: /ˈperəmaʊnt/
Part of speech: adjective
Formal or informal: formal
Countable or uncountable: countable
Transitive or intransitive: intransitive
Stress marks:/ˈperəmaʊnt/
More important than anything else; supreme
Safety is of paramount importance
Parcel
Title: Parcel
Pronunciation: /ˈpɑːrsəl/
Part of speech: noun
Formal or informal: Both
Countable or uncountable: Countable
Transitive or intransitive: Transitive
Stress marks: ˈpɑːrsəl
Synonym: package, bundle
Opposite: whole
A package or bundle of goods
She received a parcel in the mail from her grandmother
Patch
Title: Patch
Pronunciation: /pætʃ/
Part of speech: noun/verb
Definition: a small area of something, especially one that is different from the surrounding area
Formal or informal: Both
Countable or uncountable: Countable
Transitive or intransitive: Both
Stress marks: pætʃ
Synonym: spot, area
Opposite: whole
Example
She sewed a patch onto the hole in her jeans
Path
Title: Path
Pronunciation: /pæθ/
Part of speech: noun
Formal or informal: Both
Countable or uncountable: Countable
Stress marks: pæθ
Synonym: trail, track
Opposite: obstacle
A way or track laid down for walking or made by continual treading
The path through the forest was lined with wildflowers
Pathetic
Title: Pathetic
Pronunciation: /pəˈθetɪk/
Part of speech: adjective
Formal or informal: Both
Stress marks: pəˈθetɪk
Synonym: pitiful, distressing
Opposite: impressive
Arousing pity, especially through vulnerability or sadness
The puppy’s pathetic whining melted my heart
Peculiar
Title: Peculiar
Pronunciation: /pɪˈkjuːliər/
Part of speech: adjective
Formal or informal: Both
Stress marks: pɪˈkjuːliər
Synonym: strange, odd
Opposite: ordinary
strange or odd; unusual
She had a peculiar habit of humming to herself while she worked
Peel
Title: Peel
Pronunciation: /piːl/
Part of speech: verb/noun
Definition: to remove the outer covering or skin from a fruit, vegetable, etc./the outer covering or skin of a fruit, vegetable, etc.
Formal or informal: Both
Countable or uncountable: Countable (as a noun)
Transitive or intransitive: Transitive (as a verb)
Stress marks: piːl (verb), piːl (noun)
Synonym: strip, skin (verb), rind (noun)
Opposite: cover
Example
She peeled the orange before eating it
Peep
Title: Peep
Pronunciation: /piːp/
Part of speech: verb/noun
Definition: to look quickly and furtively at something, especially through a narrow opening/a quick and furtive look at something
Formal or informal: Both
Countable or uncountable: Countable (as a noun)
Transitive or intransitive: Intransitive (as a verb)
Stress marks: piːp (verb), piːp (noun)
Synonym: glance, peek (verb), look, glimpse (noun)
Opposite: stare
Example
She took a peep through the keyhole to see who was outside
Perseverance
Title: Perseverance
Pronunciation:/ˌpɜːrsəˈvɪərəns/
Part of speech: noun
Formal or informal: both
Stress marks:/ˌpɜːrsəˈvɪərəns
Synonym: persistence, determination
Opposite: defeat, surrender
persistence in doing something despite difficulty or delay in achieving success
With hard work and perseverance, she eventually achieved her goals
Prevail
Title: Prevail
Pronunciation:/prɪˈveɪl/
Part of speech:noun/verb
Definition:(of a belief or opinion) win out; be widespread in a particular area at a particular time/a final victory
Formal or informal:both
Stress marks:/prɪˈveɪl
Synonym:succeed, triumph (verb), victory (noun)
Opposite:falter, fail (verb), defeat (noun)
Example
The truth will prevail
Prey
Title: Prey
Pronunciation:/preɪ/
Part of speech:noun/verb
Definition:a living creature that is hunted for food by another/a person who is easily harmed or affected by something
Stress marks:/preɪ
Synonym:victim, target (noun), hunt, stalk (verb)
Opposite:hunter, predator
Example
The lion stalked its prey through the tall grass
Prime
Title: Prime
Pronunciation:/praɪm/
Part of speech:noun/verb/adjective
Definition:a state or time of greatest strength, popularity, or success/make (something) ready for use or action; prepare/a fundamental rank of importance; main
Formal or informal:both
Stress marks:/praɪm
Synonym:peak, best (noun), prepare, ready (verb), main, chief (adjective)
Opposite:wane, decline (noun), neglect (verb), secondary
Example
The team is in its prime this season
Prisoner
Title: Prisoner
Pronunciation:/ˈprɪz(ə)nə/
Part of speech:noun/adjective
Definition:a person legally held in prison as a punishment for crimes they have committed/captivity
Formal or informal:both
Stress marks:/ˈprɪz(ə)nə
Synonym:inmate, convict (noun), captive (adjective)
Opposite:free person
Example
The prisoner was released on parole after serving half of his sentence
Prompt
Title: Prompt
Pronunciation:/prɒm(p)t/
Part of speech:noun/verb/adjective
Definition:a reminder given to someone to do something; a cue for an actor to begin speaking/a cause for an action; on time; punctual/a word used to give an actor a cue to speak; cause to happen; inspire; make (someone) decide to say something; assist with memory retrieval; done without delay; immediate
Formal or informal:both
Stress marks:/prɒm(p)t (noun/adjective), prɒmpt (verb)
Synonym:cue, reminder (noun), cause, inspire (verb), punctual, on time (adjective)
Opposite:distract, hinder
Example
She prompted him to remember their anniversary
Prone
Title: Prone
Pronunciation:/prəʊn/
Part of speech:noun/verb/adjective/adverb
Definition:(of a person) lying flat, especially face downward/inclined to do something/inclined to suffer from something/lying flat; face downward; inclined to do something; likely to experience something unpleasantly
Formal or informal:both
Stress marks:/prəʊn (adjective/noun), prəʊn (verb/adverb)
Synonym:susceptible, inclined (adjective), likely (adverb)
Opposite:not susceptible, not inclined
Example
He is prone to exaggeration
Prosecute
Title: Prosecute
Pronunciation: /ˈprɒsɪkjuːt/
Part of speech: noun/verb
Formal or informal: both
Stress marks: /ˈprɒsɪkjuːt
Synonym: sue, charge
Opposite: defend
start legal proceedings against someone; carry out/institute legal proceedings
The company was prosecuted for violating environmental laws
Provoke
Title: Provoke
Pronunciation: /prəˈvəʊk/
Part of speech: noun/verb
Definition: (of an action, event, or situation) cause anger in someone; stimulate someone to do something by causing annoyance
Formal or informal: both
Stress marks: /prəˈvəʊk
Synonym: anger, annoy
Opposite: calm, soothe
Example
His comments provoked a strong reaction from the audience
Psychiatrist
Title: Psychiatrist
Pronunciation: /saɪˈkaɪətrɪst/
Part of speech: noun
Formal or informal: both
Stress marks: /saɪˈkaɪətrɪst
Synonym: mental health professional
Opposite: not applicable
A medical practitioner specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of mental illness
She has been seeing a psychiatrist for her anxiety
Pulse
Title: Pulse
Pronunciation: /pʌls/
Part of speech: noun/verb/adjective
Definition: a rhythmical throbbing of the arteries as blood is propelled through them; a single vibration or short burst of sound, electric current, light, etc.
Formal or informal: both
Stress marks: /pʌls
Synonym: rhythm, beat (noun), throb, vibrate (verb), rhythmic (adjective)
Opposite: not applicable
Example
The doctor checked her pulse
Pursuit
Title: Pursuit
Pronunciation: /pəˈsjuːt/
Part of speech: noun
Definition: (the pursuit of) an activity that someone spends time doing, usually when they are not working; the act of chasing after someone or something; the act of trying to achieve a plan, activity, goal etc
Formal or informal: both
Stress marks: /pəˈsjuːt
Synonym: hobby, pastime (activity), chase (act of chasing), quest (trying to achieve)
Opposite: idleness
Example
Her pursuit of happiness led her to travel the world
Pushy
Title: Pushy
Pronunciation: /ˈpʊʃi/-
Part of speech: noun/verb/adjective/adverb
Definition: (of a person) showing determination and ambition by forceful behaviour; a forceful push; a determined effort; a strong movement forward; aggressively ambitious; determined to succeed; forceful push; strong movement forward;
Formal or informal: both
Stress marks: /ˈpʊʃi
Synonym: demanding, assertive
Opposite: deferential
Example
She was known for being pushy when it came to getting what she wanted
Persist
Title: Persist
Pronunciation: /pərˈsɪst/
Part of speech: verb
Definition: to continue firmly or obstinately in an opinion or a course of action in spite of difficulty, opposition, or failure
Formal or informal: Both
Transitive or intransitive: Intransitive
Stress marks: pərˈsɪst
Synonym: continue, endure
Opposite: give up
Example
Despite the challenges, she continued to persist in her efforts to succeed
Persuasion
Title: Persuasion
Pronunciation: /pərˈsweɪʒən/
Part of speech: noun
Formal or informal: Both
Stress marks: pərˈsweɪʒən
Synonym: influence, convincing
Opposite: dissuasion
The action or fact of persuading someone or of being persuaded to do or believe something
She used her powers of persuasion to convince him to change his mind
Petty
Title: Petty
Pronunciation: /ˈpɛti/
Part of speech: adjective
Stress marks: ˈpɛti
Synonym: trivial, minor
Opposite: significant
Of little importance; trivial
He was always getting into petty arguments over insignificant things
Pinpoint
Title: Pinpoint
Pronunciation: /ˈpɪnpɔɪnt/
Part of speech: verb/noun/adjective
Countable or uncountable: Countable (as a noun)
Transitive or intransitive: Transitive (as a verb)
Stress marks: ˈpɪnpɔɪnt (verb), ˈpɪnpɔɪnt (noun/adjective)
Synonym: identify, precise (verb), exact point (noun)
Opposite: generalize
To identify or locate exactly; the exact or precise point
The detective was able to pinpoint the exact location of the suspect.
Pioneer
Title: Pioneer
Pronunciation: /ˌpaɪəˈnɪr/
Part of speech: noun/verb/adjective
Definition: a person who is among the first to explore or settle a new country or area; to develop or be the first to use or apply (a new method, area of knowledge, or activity); relating to the earliest stage of something
Formal or informal: Both
Countable or uncountable: Countable (as a noun)
Transitive or intransitive: Transitive (as a verb)
Stress marks: ˌpaɪəˈnɪr (noun), ˌpaɪəˈnɪr (verb/adjective)
Synonym: trailblazer, innovator (noun), initiate, launch (verb), early, original (adjective)
Opposite: follower
Example
She was a pioneer in the field of medical research
Pity
Title: Pity
Pronunciation: /ˈpɪti/
Part of speech: noun/verb
Definition: the feeling of sorrow and compassion caused by the suffering and misfortunes of others; to feel sorrow and compassion for
Formal or informal: Both
Transitive or intransitive: Transitive (as a verb)
Stress marks: ˈpɪti (noun), ˈpɪti (verb)
Synonym: compassion, sympathy (noun), feel sorry for (verb)
Opposite: indifference
Example
She felt pity for the homeless man on the street
Plague
Title: Plague
Pronunciation:/pleɪg/
Part of speech: noun/verb
Definition: a contagious bacterial disease characterized by fever and delirium, typically with the formation of buboes; cause continual trouble or distress to
Formal or informal: both
Stress marks:/pleɪg
Synonym: disease, affliction, torment
Opposite: blessing, relief
Example
The town was plagued by rats carrying the disease
Plausible
Title: Plausible
Pronunciation:/ˈplɔːzəbl/
Part of speech: noun
Definition:(of an argument or statement) seeming reasonable or probable
Formal or informal:both
Stress marks:/ˈplɔːzəbl
Synonym:cogent, believable
Opposite:doubtful, implausible
Example
Her explanation for being late seemed plausible
Plea
Title: Plea
Pronunciation:/pliː/
Part of speech:noun
Formal or informal:both
Stress marks:/pliː
Synonym:request, appeal
Opposite:demand, command
A request made in an urgent and emotional manner
She made a plea for help from the authorities
Plight
Title: Plight
Pronunciation:/plaɪt/
Part of speech:noun/verb
Definition:a dangerous, difficult, or otherwise unfortunate situation/a solemn pledge or promise to do something
Formal or informal:both
Stress marks:/plaɪt
Synonym:situation, predicament (noun), pledge, promise (verb)
Opposite:solution, resolution
Example
The refugees were in a plight with no food or shelter
Plunge
Title: Plunge
Pronunciation:/plʌndʒ/
Part of speech:noun/verb
Formal or informal:both
Stress marks:/plʌndʒ
Synonym:dive, drop (noun), plummet, decrease (verb)
Opposite:rise, increase
suddenly jump or fall forward/a swift and drastic fall in value or amount
The diver took a plunge into the deep water
Poetic
Title: Poetic
Pronunciation:/pəʊˈɛtɪk/
Part of speech:noun/verb/adjective
Formal or informal:both
Stress marks:/pəʊˈɛtɪk
Synonym:rhythmic, lyrical, expressive (adjective) poet (noun) poetry (verb)
Opposite:dull, prosaic
A style of writing that is used in poems/a person who writes poems; relating to poetry
She has a poetic way of describing nature
Ponder
Title: Ponder
Pronunciation: /ˈpɒndə/
Part of speech: verb
Definition: to think about (something) carefully, especially before making a decision or reaching a conclusion
Formal or informal: Both
Transitive or intransitive: Intransitive
Stress marks: ˈpɒndə
Synonym: consider, contemplate
Opposite: ignore
Example
He sat by the fireplace, pondering the meaning of life
Portray
Title: Portray
Pronunciation: /pɔːˈtreɪ/
Part of speech: verb
Formal or informal: Both
Transitive or intransitive: Transitive
Stress marks: pɔːˈtreɪ
Synonym: depict, represent
Opposite: misrepresent
To depict or describe in a work of art or literature; to represent or describe in a particular way
The artist portrayed the beauty of the landscape in her painting
Pragmatic
Title: Pragmatic
Pronunciation: /prægˈmætɪk/
Part of speech: adjective
Definition: dealing with things sensibly and realistically in a way that is based on practical rather than theoretical considerations
Formal or informal: Both
Stress marks: prægˈmætɪk
Synonym: practical, realistic
Opposite: idealistic
Example
His pragmatic approach to problem-solving always yielded effective results
Precede
Title: Precede
Pronunciation: /prɪˈsiːd/
Part of speech: verb
Formal or informal: Both
Transitive or intransitive: Transitive
Stress marks: prɪˈsiːd
Synonym: come before, antecede
Opposite: follow
To come before (something) in time, order, or position
The appetizers will precede the main course at the dinner party
Predecessor
Title: Predecessor
Pronunciation: /ˈpriːdɪsɛsə/
Part of speech: noun
Definition: a person who held a job or office before the current holder; something that comes before another in time, especially something that also existed before something else and may have influenced or caused it
Formal or informal: Both
Countable or uncountable: Countable
Stress marks: ˈpriːdɪsɛsə
Synonym: forerunner, ancestor
Opposite: successor
Example
The new CEO’s strategies differed from those of his predecessor
Presumption
Title: Presumption
Pronunciation:/prɪˈzʌmpʃən/
Part of speech:noun
Formal or informal:both
Stress marks:/prɪˈzʌmpʃən
Synonym:assumption, belief
Opposite:doubt, disbelief
something that is presumed; an attitude or belief taken for granted
She had the presumption to assume she would get the job without an interview
