Science and math

Lesson 3
فهرست
Gas Liquid Solid Material Metal Plastic Iron Silver Silver Carbon Oxygen Stone Technology Data laboratory-lab Calculator Add Subtract Multiply Divide Equal Count Minus Plus Positive Negative Solution Sum Percent Chemical

Gas

Title: Gas

Pronunciation: /ɡæs/

Part of speech: Noun

Formal or informal: Both

Countable or uncountable: Uncountable

Synonym: Vapor

Opposite: Solid

A substance in a state that is neither solid nor liquid, and expands to fill any container uniformly

Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas

A substance in a state that is neither solid nor liquid, and expands to fill any container uniformly

Liquid

Title: Liquid

Pronunciation: /ˈlɪkwɪd/

Part of speech: Noun

Formal or informal: Both

Countable or uncountable: Uncountable

Synonym: Fluid

Opposite: Solid

A substance that flows freely and is not a solid or a gas

Water is a common example of a liquid

A substance that flows freely and is not a solid or a gas

Solid

Title: Solid

Pronunciation: /ˈsɑlɪd/

Part of speech: Noun

Formal or informal: Both

Countable or uncountable: Uncountable

Synonym: Firm

Opposite: Liquid

A substance or object that is firm and stable in shape, not liquid or fluid

Ice is the solid form of water

A substance or object that is firm and stable in shape, not liquid or fluid

Material

Title: Material

Pronunciation: /məˈtɪriəl/

Part of speech: Noun

Formal or informal: Both

Countable or uncountable: Uncountable

Synonym: Substance

Opposite: Immaterial

The matter from which a thing is or can be made

Wood is a versatile material used in construction

The matter from which a thing is or can be made

Metal

Title: Metal

Pronunciation: /ˈmɛtəl/

Part of speech: Noun

Formal or informal: Both

Countable or uncountable: Uncountable

 

Synonym: Alloy

Opposite: Nonmetal

A solid material that is typically hard, shiny, malleable, fusible, and ductile

Iron is a common metal used in manufacturing

A solid material that is typically hard, shiny, malleable, fusible, and ductile

Plastic

Title: Plastic

Pronunciation: /ˈplæstɪk/

Part of speech: Noun

Formal or informal: Both

Countable or uncountable: Uncountable

Synonym: Synthetic

Opposite: Natural

A synthetic material made from a wide range of organic polymers that can be molded into shape while

The toy is made of plastic

A synthetic material made from a wide range of organic polymers that can be molded into shape while

Iron

Title: Iron

Pronunciation: /ˈaɪərn/

Part of speech: Noun

Formal or informal: Both

Countable or uncountable: Uncountable

Synonym: Metal

Opposite: Nonmetal

A strong, hard magnetic silvery-gray metal, commonly used in construction and manufacturing

The bridge was built using iron beams

A strong, hard magnetic silvery-gray metal, commonly used in construction and manufacturing

Silver

Title: Silver

 

Pronunciation: /ɡoʊld/

Part of speech: Noun

Formal or informal: Both

Countable or uncountable: Uncountable

Synonym: Precious metal

 

 

A yellow precious metal, often used in jewelry and as a store of value

The ring is made of pure gold

A yellow precious metal, often used in jewelry and as a store of value

Silver

Title: Silver

Pronunciation: /ˈsɪlvər/

Part of speech: Noun

Formal or informal: Both

Countable or uncountable: Uncountable

Synonym: Precious metal

A precious shiny grayish-white metal, often used in jewelry and as a precious metal

The necklace is made of silver

A precious shiny grayish-white metal, often used in jewelry and as a precious metal

Carbon

Title: Carbon

Pronunciation: /ˈkɑrbən/

Part of speech: Noun

Formal or informal: Both

Countable or uncountable: Uncountable

Stress marks: ˈkɑrbən

Synonym: Element

A chemical element with the symbol C and atomic number 6, occurring in many inorganic

Carbon is the basis of all organic life

A chemical element with the symbol C and atomic number 6, occurring in many inorganic

Oxygen

Title: Oxygen

Pronunciation: /ˈɑksɪdʒən/

Part of speech: Noun

Formal or informal: Both

Countable or uncountable: Uncountable

Synonym: Gas

A chemical element with the symbol O and atomic number 8

Oxygen is vital for human survival

A chemical element with the symbol O and atomic number 8

Stone

Title: Stone

Pronunciation: /stoʊn/

Part of speech: Noun

Formal or informal: Both

Countable or uncountable: Countable

Stress marks: stoʊn

Synonym: Rock

A hard solid non-metallic mineral matter of which rock is made, typically dug or quarried

The wall was constructed using stone

A hard solid non-metallic mineral matter of which rock is made, typically dug or quarried

Technology

Title: Technology

Pronunciation: /tɛkˈnɑlədʒi/

Part of speech: Noun

Formal or informal: Both

Countable or uncountable: Uncountable

Synonym: Innovation

The application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes, especially in industry

The advancements in technology have revolutionized many industries

The application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes, especially in industry

Data

Title: Data

Pronunciation: /ˈdeɪtə/

Part of speech: Noun

Formal or informal: Both

Countable or uncountable: Uncountable

Synonym: Information

Facts and statistics collected together for reference or analysis

The data collected will be used for research purposes

Facts and statistics collected together for reference or analysis

laboratory-lab

Title: laboratory-lab

Pronunciation: /ləˈbɒrəˌtɔːri/ /læb/

Part of speech: Noun

Formal or informal: Both

Countable or uncountable: Countable

Synonym: Lab, Research center

A room or building equipped for scientific experiments, research, or teaching purposes

The scientists conducted experiments in the laboratory

A room or building equipped for scientific experiments, research, or teaching purposes

Calculator

Title: Calculator

Pronunciation: /ˈkælkjʊˌleɪtər/

Part of speech: Noun

Formal or informal: Both

Countable or uncountable: Countable

Synonym: Computing device

A device used for mathematical calculations

She used the calculator to solve the math problem

A device used for mathematical calculations

Add

Title: Add

Pronunciation: /æd/

Part of speech: Verb

Formal or informal: Both

Countable or uncountable: Uncountable

Transitive or intransitive: Transitive

Synonym: Sum, Total

Opposite: Subtract

 

To combine or join numbers or amounts to find a total

Please add 5 and 3 to get the sum

To combine or join numbers or amounts to find a total

Subtract

Title: Subtract

Pronunciation: /səbˈtrækt/

Part of speech: Verb

Formal or informal: Both

Countable or uncountable: Uncountable

Transitive or intransitive: Transitive

Synonym: Deduct, Minus

Opposite: Add

To take away or deduct one number or quantity from another

Subtract 7 from 15 to get the difference

To take away or deduct one number or quantity from another

Multiply

Title: Multiply

Pronunciation: /ˈmʌl.tə.plaɪ/

Part of speech: Verb

Formal or informal: Both

Countable or uncountable: Uncountable

Transitive or intransitive: Transitive

Synonym: Times, Product

Opposite: Divide

 

To calculate the total of two or more numbers by adding them together several times

Multiply 4 by 5 to get the product

To calculate the total of two or more numbers by adding them together several times

Divide

Title: Divide

Pronunciation: /dɪˈvaɪd/

Part of speech: Verb

Formal or informal: Both

Countable or uncountable: Uncountable

Transitive or intransitive: Transitive

Synonym: Split, Share

Opposite: Multiply

To separate or share something into parts or portions

Divide 20 by 4 to get the quotient

To separate or share something into parts or portions

Equal

Title: Equal

Pronunciation: /ˈiːkwəl/

Part of speech: Adjective

Formal or informal: Both

Countable or uncountable: Uncountable

Transitive or intransitive: Intransitive

Synonym: Same, Identical

 

Opposite: Unequal

Being the same in quantity, size, degree, or value

3 plus 2 equals 5

Being the same in quantity, size, degree, or value

Count

Title: Count

Pronunciation: /kaʊnt/

Part of speech: Verb

Formal or informal: Both

Countable or uncountable: Uncountable

Transitive or intransitive: Transitive

Synonym: Tally, Enumerate

To determine the total number or quantity of something

Please count the number of books on the shelf

To determine the total number or quantity of something

Minus

Title: Minus

Pronunciation: /ˈmaɪnəs/

Part of speech: Preposition / Adjective

Formal or informal: Both

Countable or uncountable: Uncountable

Synonym: Subtract, Negative

Opposite: Plus

Indicates subtraction or a negative value

4 minus 2 equals 2

Indicates subtraction or a negative value

Plus

Title: Plus

Pronunciation: /plʌs/

Part of speech: Preposition / Adjective

Formal or informal: Both

Countable or uncountable: Uncountable

Synonym: Add, Positive

Opposite: Minus

Indicates addition or a positive value

2 plus 3 equals 5

Indicates addition or a positive value

Positive

Title: Positive

Pronunciation: /ˈpɒzətɪv/

Part of speech: Adjective

 

Formal or informal: Both

Countable or uncountable: Uncountable

Transitive or intransitive: Intransitive

Synonym: Optimistic, Favorable

Opposite: Negative

Expressing or implying affirmation, agreement, or certainty

Having a positive attitude can lead to success

Expressing or implying affirmation, agreement, or certainty

Negative

Title: Negative

Pronunciation: /ˈnɛɡətɪv/

Part of speech: Adjective

Formal or informal: Both

Stress marks: NEG-a-tive.

Synonym: Adverse

Opposite: Positive

Denoting the absence or opposite of something

The news had a negative impact on the stock market

Denoting the absence or opposite of something

Solution

Title: Solution

Pronunciation: /səˈluːʃ(ə)n/

Part of speech: Noun

Irregular spelling and irregular forms: The plural form is “solutions.”

Formal or informal: Both

Countable or uncountable: It’s a countable noun since it can be used in plural forms.

Transitive or intransitive: It can be both transitive and intransitive depending on the context.

Stress marks: -LU-tion.

Synonym: Resolution

Opposite: Problem

A means of solving a problem or dealing with a difficult situation

The company is seeking a solution to the logistical problem

A means of solving a problem or dealing with a difficult situation

Sum

Title: Sum

Pronunciation: /sʌm/

Part of speech: Noun

Formal or informal: Both

Countable or uncountable: It’s a countable noun since it can be used in plural forms.

Transitive or intransitive: It’s not a verb, so it’s not transitive or intransitive in the traditional sense.

Stress marks: SUM.

Synonym: Total

Opposite: Difference

The total amount resulting from the addition of two or more numbers, amounts, or items

The sum of 5 and 8 is 13

The total amount resulting from the addition of two or more numbers, amounts, or items

Percent

Title: Percent

 

Pronunciation: /pərˈsɛnt/

Part of speech: Noun

Formal or informal: Both

Countable or uncountable: It’s a countable noun since it can be used in plural forms.

Transitive or intransitive: It’s not a verb, so it’s not transitive or intransitive in the traditional sense.

Stress marks: per-SENT.

Synonym: Proportion

Opposite: Whole

 

 

A proportion or share in relation to a whole; one hundredth

Twenty percent of the class passed the exam with distinction

A proportion or share in relation to a whole; one hundredth

Chemical

Title: Chemical

Pronunciation: /ˈkɛmɪkəl/

Part of speech: Noun

Formal or informal: Both

Countable or uncountable: Uncountable

Synonym: Substance

Opposite: Natural

A substance that is formed by a chemical process and has a distinct composition and properties

The laboratory is equipped with various chemicals for experiments

A substance that is formed by a chemical process and has a distinct composition and properties