Conjunctions and Prepositions

Lesson 16
فهرست
And Or But If As Because So Since For Now After Before Once Although Yet When Whenever Whereas Whether During Until From Of Around By About Against Than Like

And

Title: And

Pronunciation: /ənd/

Part of speech: conjunction

Formal or informal: both

Synonym: in addition

Opposite: or

used to connect words of the same part of speech, clauses, or sentences that are to be taken jointly

I like tea and coffee

used to connect words of the same part of speech, clauses, or sentences that are to be taken jointly

Or

Title: Or

Pronunciation: /ɔː/

Part of speech: conjunction

Formal or informal: both

Synonym: otherwise

Opposite: and

used to link alternatives

Would you like tea or coffee?

used to link alternatives

But

Title: But

Pronunciation: /bʌt/

Part of speech: conjunction

Formal or informal: both

Synonym: however

opposite: and

used to introduce a phrase or clause contrasting with what has already been mentioned

She is very tired but happy

used to introduce a phrase or clause contrasting with what has already been mentioned

If

Title: If

Pronunciation: /ɪf/

Part of speech: conjunction

Formal or informal: both

Synonym: provided that

Opposite: unless

introducing a conditional clause

If it rains, we will stay indoors

introducing a conditional clause

As

Title: As

Pronunciation: /əz/

Part of speech: conjunction

Formal or informal: both

Synonym: because

Opposite: while

used to indicate a reason or cause

As it was raining, we stayed indoors

used to indicate a reason or cause

Because

Title: Because

Pronunciation: /bɪˈkɒz/

Part of speech: conjunction

Formal or informal: both

Synonym: since

Opposite: although

for the reason that; since

I am staying home because I am not feeling well

for the reason that; since

So

Title: So

Pronunciation: /səʊ/

Part of speech: conjunction

Formal or informal: both

Synonym: therefore

Opposite: but

for that reason; therefore

It is raining, so we will stay indoors

for that reason; therefore

Since

Title: Since

Pronunciation:/sɪns/

Part of speech: conjunction 

Formal or informal: both 

Stress marks:since 

Synonym:because 

Opposite:before 

 

 

introducing a clause which is the reason for the main clause

I have been here since last week

introducing a clause which is the reason for the main clause

For

Title: For

Pronunciation:/fɔː/ 

Part of speech: conjunction 

Formal or informal: both 

Synonym:because 

Opposite:before 

 

 

introducing the reason for a statement

I am going home, for I am feeling sick

introducing the reason for a statement

Now

Title: Now

Pronunciation:/naʊ/ 

Part of speech:noun/adverb 

Formal or informal: both 

Countable or uncountable:noun form is countable, adverb form is uncountable 

Stress marks:n-ow 

Synonym:right now 

Opposite:later 

 

 

(noun) the present time/(adverb) at the present time; at this moment

I am busy now

(noun) the present time/(adverb) at the present time; at this moment

After

Title: After

Pronunciation:/ˈɑːftə/ 

Part of speech:noun/preposition/adverb/conjunction/verb 

Formal or informal: both  

Countable or uncountable:noun form is countable, other forms are uncountable  

Stress marks:aft-er  

Synonym:later  

Opposite:before 

(noun) a person’s descendants/(preposition) during the period of time following

I will see you after work

(noun) a person’s descendants/(preposition) during the period of time following

Before

Title: Before

Pronunciation:/bɪˈfɔː/ 

Part of speech:noun/preposition/adverb/conjunction/verb 

Formal or informal: both  

Countable or uncountable:noun form is countable, other forms are uncountable  

 Stress marks:bef-ore  

Synonym:prior to  

Opposite:after 

(noun) during the period of time preceding/(preposition) earlier than

I will see you before work

(noun) during the period of time preceding/(preposition) earlier than

Once

Title: Once

Pronunciation:/wʌns/ 

Part of speech:noun/adverb/conjunction/verb 

Formal or informal: both  

Countable or uncountable:noun form is countable, other forms are uncountable  

 Stress marks:on-ce  

Synonym:on one occasion  

Opposite:multiple times 

(noun) as soon as; when/(adverb) at some time in the past; formerly

I will call you once I arrive

(noun) as soon as; when/(adverb) at some time in the past; formerly

Although

Title: Although

Pronunciation:/ɔːlˈðəʊ/ 

Part of speech:noun/conjunction/adverb/verb 

Formal or informal: both  

Countable or uncountable:noun form is countable, other forms are uncountable  

Stress marks:a-lthough  

Synonym: not with standing  Opposite:yet 

(noun) though/(conjunction) though/(adverb) though/(verb) make concessions although

I went out although it was raining

(noun) though/(conjunction) though/(adverb) though/(verb) make concessions although

Yet

Title: Yet

Pronunciation: /jɛt/

Part of speech: adverb/conjunction

Formal or informal: both

Stress marks: yet

Synonym: however

Opposite: so

adverb - up until the present time, until now, and conjunction - but at the same time

She is tired, yet she keeps working

adverb - up until the present time, until now, and conjunction - but at the same time

When

Title: When

Pronunciation: /wɛn/

Part of speech: adverb/conjunction

Formal or informal: both

Stress marks: when

Synonym: as

Opposite: after

adverb - at what time, conjunction - at, during, from, in, through, until, when, whenever, while

I will call you when I arrive

adverb - at what time, conjunction - at, during, from, in, through, until, when, whenever, while

Whenever

Title: Whenever

Pronunciation: /wɛnˈɛvə/

Part of speech: adverb/conjunction

Formal or informal: both

Stress marks: when-ev-er

Synonym: every time

Opposite: never

 

 

adverb - at whatever time, conjunction - at whatever time

Call me whenever you need help

adverb - at whatever time, conjunction - at whatever time

Whereas

Title: Whereas

Pronunciation:/wɛːrˈaz/

Part of speech:noun/conjunction 

Formal or informal: both 

Stress marks:where-as 

Synonym:on the other hand 

Opposite:similarly 

 

 

noun-formal term for where

I like tea whereas my sister likes coffee

noun-formal term for where

Whether

Title: Whether

Pronunciation:/ˈwɛðə/

Part of speech:noun/conjunction 

Stress marks:whe-ther 

Synonym:if 

Opposite:none 

 

 

noun-formal term for whether

I don’t know whether I should go

noun-formal term for whether

During

Title: During

Pronunciation:/ˈdjʊərɪŋ/

Part of speech:noun/preposition/conjunction 

Formal or informal: both 

Stress marks:dur-ing 

Synonym:throughout 

Opposite:before 

 

 

noun-formal term for during

I saw him during my vacation

noun-formal term for during

Until

Title: Until

Pronunciation:/ʌnˈtɪl/

Part of speech:noun/conjunction/preposition 

Formal or informal: both 

Stress marks:un-til 

Synonym:before 

 

 

noun-formal term for until

I will wait until you come

noun-formal term for until

From

Title: From

Pronunciation:/frɒm/

Part of speech:noun/preposition/conjunction 

Formal or informal: both 

Stress marks:from 

Synonym:sourced from 

Opposite:into 

 

 

noun-formal term for from

I received it from my friend

noun-formal term for from

Of

Title: Of

Pronunciation:/əv/

Part of speech:noun/preposition/conjunction 

Formal or informal: both 

Stress marks:of 

Synonym:sourced from 

Opposite:into 

 

 

noun-formal term for of

a piece of cake

noun-formal term for of

Around

Title: Around

Pronunciation:/əˈraʊnd/

Part of speech: noun 

Formal or informal: both 

Stress marks:a-round 

Synonym:surrounding 

Opposite:none 

 

 

noun-formal term for around

I saw her around midnight

noun-formal term for around

By

Title: By

Pronunciation:/baɪ/

Part of speech:noun/preposition 

Formal or informal: both 

Stress marks:by 

Synonym:not later than  

Opposite:none 

 

noun-formal term for by

I will see you by noon

noun-formal term for by

About

Title: About

Pronunciation:/əˈbaʊt/

Part of speech:noun/preposition/conjunction/adjective/adverb/verb/suffix/prefix  

Formal or informal: both  

Stress marks:a-bout  

Synonym:surrounding 

noun-formal term for about

I will see you about 3 o’clock

noun-formal term for about

Against

Title: Against

Pronunciation:/əˈɡɛnst/

Formal or informal: both  

Stress marks:a-gainst  

Synonym:on  

 

noun-formal term for against

I leaned against the wall

noun-formal term for against

Than

Title: Than

Pronunciation:/ðan/

Part of speech:noun/preposition 

Formal or informal: both  

Stress marks:than  

Synonym:rather than 

noun-formal term for than

I am taller than my brother

noun-formal term for than

Like

Title: Like

Pronunciation:/lʌɪk/

Part of speech:noun/preposition

Formal or informal: both

Stress marks:like  

Synonym:similar to  

Opposite:none

noun-formal term for like

I want something like that

noun-formal term for like